SIMPLE CORRECTION METHOD OF SOIL PENETRATION RESISTANCE FOR SOIL WATER CONTENT

Duarte, Thiago F.; Silva, Tonny J. A. da; Bonfim-Silva, Edna M.; Lima, Gabrielly F.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v42n3e20210229/2022

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Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. (Online) 42 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v42n3e20210229/2022 copy

SIMPLE CORRECTION METHOD OF SOIL PENETRATION RESISTANCE FOR SOIL WATER CONTENT

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Soil penetration resistance (PR) assessment is a physical assessment of soil to identify compacted soil layers. Its results are influenced by soil moisture. In this study, a method for correcting PR as a function of soil water content is proposed. The proposed method employs the same function that represents the relationship between PR and soil moisture to calculate the correction that should be applied to the data. The method was evaluated in a Quartzipmment and an Oxisol, at reference moistures of 0.05 to 0.25 kg kg^-1 and 0.10 to 0.30 kg kg^-1, respectively. In addition, the efficiency was evaluated based on mean absolute error (MAE), bias, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Following correction, the PR data of both soil classes followed the reference PR values (calculated for reference moisture). The largest errors were −0.474 (bias), 0.360 (MAPE), and 0.505 (MAE) for the Oxisol, and 0.112 (bias), 0.616 (MAPE), and 0.286 (MAE) for the Quartzipmment. Furthermore, the best performance occurred at a reference moisture of 0.25 and 0.10 kg kg^-1 for Oxisol and Quartzipmment, respectively. Moreover, these moistures were close to the suction pressure of 10 kPa for both soils.

KEYWORDS
soil compaction; penetrometers; soil modelling; soil physical properties

Steps	Description	Example
1	Find the relationship between PR and soil moisture and fit the function – PR(θ).
2	Set a reference moisture value (θ_ref). Calculate the difference (Δ) between PR at any moisture value (PR(θ_i)) and PR at reference moisture (PR(θ_ref)).	$Δ = P R (θ_{i}) - P R (θ_{r e f})$
3	Relating the differences found above with the soil moisture Δ(θ) Fit a mathematical function, defined as the correction equation (cor).
4	Calculate the correction according to the logical condition.	$P R_{c o r} = {\begin{matrix} P R_{i} - \| c o r \|, i f P R_{i} > P R_{r e f} \\ P R_{i} + \| c o r \|, i f P R_{i} < P R_{r e f} \end{matrix}}$

Soil class	Sand	Silt	Clay	Soil bulk density (g cm^-3)
Soil class	%			Minimum	Mean	Maximum
Oxisol	40	20	40	1.07	1.27	1.47
Quartzipsamments	89	4	7	1.30	1.39	1.47

Soil	Penetration resistance models*	Adjusted parameters			R²	RSS
Soil	Penetration resistance models*	a	b	c	R²	RSS
Oxisol	$P R = a - b c^{θ_{m}}$	0.82006	-14.3117	2.85E-06	0.79	77.02
Quartzipsamments	$P R = a + b l n (θ_{m})$	-1.22455	-1.1759	-	0.80	17.60

Soil	θ_ref(kg kg^-1)	Bias	MAPE	MAE
Oxisol	0.10	-0.465	0.105	0.505
	0.15	-0.474	0.169	0.496
	0.20	-0.414	0.235	0.454
	0.25	-0.025	0.168	0.236
	0.30	-0.134	0.360	0.407
Quartzipsamments	0.05	0.064	0.115	0.286
	0.10	0.011	0.158	0.256
	0.15	0.066	0.261	0.284
	0.20	0.112	0.369	0.246
	0.25	0.102	0.616	0.250

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author. Institute of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis/ Rondonópolis - MT, Brazil. E-mail: thiago.duarte@ufr.edu.br