Contribution of the internal structure in the sand filters head loss used in irrigation

The dynamic of operation of sand filters affect the hydraulic performance of irrigation systems, increasing the head loss and changing the total dynamic head of the system. Trying to understand part of this dynamic, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of internal hydraulic structures in the head loss of three sand filters of commercial models, manufactured in Brazil and operating without the filter layer and with clean water. In addition, using an exponential mathematical model adjusted to the experimental data, comparisons among types of structure of each evaluated filter were performed. The trails were accomplished in the experimental module developed in the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Irrigation of FEAGRI / UNICAMP. The results showed that the filters structures determined differentiate hydraulic behaviors and each type of structures (diffuser plate and drains) change the standard operation for the evaluated filters. The mathematical function proposed represented significantly the head loss physical phenomenon for the experimental conditions.

localized irrigation; diffuser plate; drains