Comunicación del estudiante de enfermería en la escucha de pacientes en hospital psiquiátrico

Azevedo, Albert Lengruber de; Araújo, Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de; Pessoa Júnior, João Mário; Silva, Jaqueline da; Santos, Bruna Tavares Uchoa dos; Bastos, Soraia do Socorro Furtado

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (3) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2016-0325 copiar

Comunicación del estudiante de enfermería en la escucha de pacientes en hospital psiquiátrico

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva con objetivo de analizar la comunicación del estudiante de enfermería en la escucha de los pacientes en el sufrimiento mental de un hospital psiquiátrico. El estudio se realizó entre abril y mayo de 2013 con 23 estudiantes de enfermería matriculados en una institución pública de educación superior en la Región Sureste de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de la producción artística y entrevistas, y se analizan y clasifican según su contenido temático. La comunicación no verbal proxémica fue designada por unanimidad por los estudiantes como la posición personal del cuerpo de la cara, el cuello y los hombros adoptada en la escucha de los pacientes en el sufrimiento mental. El uso consciente de la proxemia favoreció el razonamiento clínico, mejorar la interacción y la escucha en los trastornos del habla y el pensamiento. Una disponibilidad demanda escucha atenta, efectiva y afectiva, control del miedo, la tensión, la ansiedad y la inseguridad.

Palabras clave:
Educación en enfermería; Comunicación; Estudiantes de enfermaría; Salud mental; Atención de enfermaría

Communication of nursing students in the listening to patients in mental suffering
Listening as a means for understanding the meanings of verbal communication	I drew two people. (...) in the case of listening! Not only with nurses, but also with professionals. (E.14)
Listening as a communication channel	I think that through listening, patients will tell you everything they are feeling. Sometimes a moan of pain, a smile, any sound (...) anything they reproduce to you, everything will have a meaning. (E.11) When you are listening to what they are saying, you are giving attention. (...) sometimes you end up intervening, saying something that makes sense, (...) you are only looking at them, but you are there. That is why it is good to know how to listen. (E.13)
Listening as an act of being available	When you are listening to what they are saying, you are giving attention. (...) sometimes you end up intervening, saying something that makes sense, (...) you are only looking at them, but you are there. That is why it is good to know how to listen. (E.13)
Listening as proxemics	My intention was to try to listen to patients. Anguishes (...) worries, to be able to see what you can do for them. Because it is very easy to leave patients there, silent, excluded, crestfallen. Now, it is completely different if you go there to talk to them, check what is happening, and see what is going on in their minds. (E.17)
Listening beyond listening to words	The difficulty they present. (...) Looking at them, we can see it very clearly. (E.11) When I look at patients, I feel them fragile, very fragile indeed. (E.13)
Listening as observation of actions and behaviors	Through listening, you can sense the structure of the thought, through language. I have even tried echolalia, perseverance, among other things that can be denied by vision. (...) I thought about the issue of the order of thought. (E.10)
Listening as an attitude of solidarity	When communication is effective, meaning when family is present, when they talk about things that are happening outside, (...) about their anguishes, the patients’ condition always improved. (E.10) Active listening and watchful eye are the best tools to provide special care. It is wonderful! It makes care more effective! (...) moreover, I drew an ear here to show that we must listen to patients, to show the importance of listening to patients. (E.15)
Listening as support	Listening is one of the main things, even if it is delirium, hallucination. Because by listening, you can take measures, no matter how tired you are, after an exhaustive shift, listening would be the key (E.14) (...) Listening is something that we learn during the course, but sometimes it seems to be forgotten, especially with psychiatric patients. (E.14)

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[1] Corresponding Author: Albert Lengruber de Azevedo. E-mail: albertenfermagem@yahoo.com.br