Escala interactiva de la lactancia materna: propuesta basada en la teoría de medio alcance de enfermería

Souza, Cristiane Oliveira Nascimento de; Ruchdeschel, Thais; Resende, Fabiola Zanetti; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa; Brandão, Marcos Antônio Gomes; Primo, Cândida Caniçali

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 22 (3) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0213 copiar

Escala interactiva de la lactancia materna: propuesta basada en la teoría de medio alcance de enfermería

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Objetivo:

Proponer un instrumento para evaluar la interacción dinámica entre madre-niño-ambiente en la lactancia materna, guiado por la Teoría Interactiva de la Lactancia Materna.

Método:

Estudio metodológico que realizó una revisión de la literatura para identificar los tipos de escalas disponibles y listó el modelo de Pasquali y la escala de likert de cinco puntos como guía para el proceso de construcción de la Escala Interactiva de la Lactancia Materna.

Resultados:

La escala consiste en 58 elementos y las opciones de respuesta van de 1 a 5, donde 1 significa nunca, 2 raramente, 3 a veces, 4 a menudo, y 5 siempre. La suma de las puntuaciones de los elementos fluctúa entre 58 y 290, mientras mayor sea la puntuación, mayor será la interacción madre-niño-ambiente.

Conclusión:

La escala puede direcionar la práctica clínica em el puerperio y puericultura, ayudando a las enfermeras y otros professionales del área materno-infantil a evaluar los factores que influyen en la dinámica interacción madre-niño-ambiente en la lactancia materna.

Palabras-clave:
Lactancia materna; Escala; Teoría de Enfermería; Psicometría; Enfermería materno-infantil

Concepts of the Interactive Theory of Breastfeeding	Interactive Breastfeeding Scale	Never	Rarely	Sometimes	Often	Always
Women’s Perception	1. I correctly place my baby on my breast.
	2. I feel satisfaction when my baby is satisfied after breastfeeding.
	3. I talk to and look at my baby while breastfeeding.
	4. My baby is calm and relaxed after breastfeeding.
	5. I feel relaxed and comfortable to breastfeed.
	6. I can correctly place my baby on my breast.
	7. I can correctly hold my baby to breastfeed.
	8. I can hold my baby with their head facing my breast and their body next to mine.
	9. I can explain the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of children.
	10. I can explain the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of women.
	11. I believe that the use of pacifiers is harmful to/hinders breastfeeding.
	12. I believe that what I eat influences in my milk production.
	13. I believe that breast milk nurtures the baby.
	14. I believe that the size of the breasts and nipples hinders breastfeeding.
	15. I believe that the use of baby bottles is harmful to/hinders breastfeeding.
	16. I know the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of women.
	17. I know the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of children.
	18. I believe that breastfeeding takes a lot of time out of my day.
	19. I have positive experiences with breastfeeding.
	20. I believe that it is difficult to continue breastfeeding after returning to work/studies.
Child’s Perception	21. My baby is awake and relaxed during breastfeeding.
	22. My baby let go of the breast spontaneously when he/she is full.
	23. My baby is annoyed and cries while breastfeeding them.
	24. I know when my baby is hungry.
	25. My baby is calm after breastfeeding.
	26. My baby is relaxed after breastfeeding.
Women’s Biological Conditions	27. I feel pain while breastfeeding.
	28. I can produce enough milk to breastfeed my baby.
	29. I believe that breast surgeries interfere in breastfeeding.
	30. I believe that breastfeeding the baby shortly after delivery helps suckling.
Child’s Biological Conditions	31. My baby correctly extracts milk.
	32. My baby often let go of my breast.
	33. My baby keeps suckling on my breast.
Women’s Body Image	34. I believe that having bigger breasts produces more milk.
	35. I believe that breastfeeding helps me to lose weight.
	36. I think that breastfeeding makes my breasts flaccid and saggy.
	37. I can comfortably breastfeed in the presence of men.
Space for Breastfeeding	38. I prefer to extract my milk and offer it on the bottle when I am away from home.
	39. I feel comfortable to breastfeed in the presence of other women.
	40. I am ashamed of breastfeeding in public places.
	41. I feel comfortable to breastfeed in public places.
	42. I cover my breast when breastfeeding in public places.
Mother’s Role	43 I breastfeed because I feel pleasure.
	44. I feel obliged to breastfeed.
	45. I feel pleasure when breastfeeding.
	46. I breastfeed because it is the best for my baby.
	47. I have the duty of breastfeeding my baby.
Organizational Systems for the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding	48. I have the support of my family to breastfeed.
	49. I need professional support to breastfeed.
	50. I have my partner’s support to breastfeed.
	51. I am aware of the laws which support breastfeeding.
	52. I believe my community supports breastfeeding.
	53. I use some social support network for breastfeeding.
Family and Social Authority	54. I change my opinion according to the guidance of health professionals.
Family and Social Authority	55. I feel influenced by my family to decide about breastfeeding.
Women’s Decision Making	56. I want to breastfeed.
	57. I believe that having a positive experience influences my decision to breastfeed.
	58. I think that knowing the advantages of breastfeeding helps in the decision making to breastfeed.

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[1] Corresponding author: Cândida Caniçali Primo. E-mail: candida.primo@ufes.br