Influencia en el comportamiento de los padres durante la comida y en el sobrepeso en la infância

Melo, Karen Muniz; Cruz, Ana Cláudia Pereira; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo; Pinho, Lucinéia de

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (04) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0102 copiar

Influencia en el comportamiento de los padres durante la comida y en el sobrepeso en la infância

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Objetivo:

Evaluar la influencia del comportamiento de los padres durante las comidas y el sobrepeso en la infancia.

Métodos:

Estudio transversal, analítico, con abordaje cuantitativo, efectuado con niños de 12 a 59 meses, pertenecientes a la población adscrita de un equipo de la Estrategia Salud Familiar, en Montes Claros (MG). Se utilizó un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas sobre el consumo alimentario y la influencia de la familia en los hábitos del niño. Se evaluaron los parámetros antropométricos de peso y altura. Se utilizó la prueba t-Student, (p < 0,05) para comparar promedios del comportamiento alimentario de los padres y el sobrepeso infantil.

Resultados:

Participaron 115 niños. El sobrepeso en la infancia se manifestó estadísticamente relacionado con el comportamiento de los padres durante las comidas en los dominios "modelo de consumo de golosinas" y "comidas especiales".

Conclusión:

El ambiente familiar está asociado a la formación de hábitos alimentarios y al sobrepeso infantil.

Palabras clave:
Comportamiento Alimentar; Nutrición Infantil; Hábitos Alimentares, Padres

Domain	Items	Frequency (%)			Average	S.D.
Domain	Items	1	2	3	Average	S.D.
Daily availability of fruits and vegetables	Do you give fruit to your child every day?	02	27	71	2.63	0.34
	Do you eat fruits every day?	03	54	43
	Do you eat greens and vegetables every day?	01	18	81
Model of consumption of goodies	Do you drink soda every day?	37	51	12	1.66	0.33
	Do you eat candy or sweets every day?	41	48	11
	Do you eat snack every day?	51	45	03
Reward Usage	Do you make mealtime a joke or a fun time for your child?	25	41	34	1.68	0.46
	Do you give to your child a favorite food as a reward for good behavior?	50	41	10
	Do you offer to your child a toy or a favorite activity as a reward for good behavior?	64	27	09
	Do you offer to your child a special dessert as a prize for him/her eating?	54	35	11
Many food options	Do you let your child eat what he or she wants?	42	38	20	1.67	0.42
	Do you let your child put spices or sauces on the food as he or she wants?	89	7	4
	Do you let your child substitute one food for another that he/she likes?	52	39	9
	Do you let your child choose which foods to eat, but only among those which are offered to him/her?	26	29	45
Fat Reduction	Do you prevent your child from overeating?	63	30	7	2.19	0.51
	Do you make changes in your child’s food to decrease the amount of fat?	13	18	69
	Do you make changes in your own food to decrease the amount of fat?	14	15	71
Special Meals	Do you eat the same foods as your child?	77	20	03	1.45	0.31
	Do you sit with your child but do not eat?	28	35	37
	Do you prepare a meal or some special food for your child other than for the family'?	63	34	3
	Do you put a little of each food on your child's plate?	95	4	01
Limit to treats	Do you set limits on how many candies your child can eat per day?	17	13	70	2.54	0.64
	Do you set limits on how much soda your child can drink per day?	15	13	72
	Do you set limits on how much salt your child can eat per day?	19	11	70
Positive persuasion	Do you tell your child how much you like that food?	16	12	72	2.57	0.48
	Do you tell your child that the taste of the food will be good if he/she experiences it?	10	11	79
	Do you tell your child that your friends or siblings like that food?	26	20	54
	Do you tell your child that a food will make you healthy, smart, and strong?	5	12	83
Insistence to eat	Do you insist your child to eat even if he/she says “I’m not hungry”?	21	11	68	2.11	0.63
	Do you insist that your child eat when he or she is sleepy or not feeling well?	49	31	20
	Do you insist that your child eat when he or she is upset?	30	25	45

Domains	Overweight
	No	Yes	p-value
	Average (SD)	Average (SD)	p-value
Daily availability of fruits and vegetables	2.66 (0.36)	2.58 (0.30)	0.256
Model of consumption of goodies	1.49 (0.40)	1.95 (0.34)	0.001
Reward Usage	1.71 (0.43)	1.61 (0.51)	0.271
Many food options	1.69 (0.47)	1.63 (0.31)	0.407
Fat Reduction	2.17 (0.47)	2.22 (0.57)	0.593
Special Meals	1.37 (0.23)	1.60 (0.34)	0.000
Limit to treats	2.56 (0.65)	2.51 (0.64)	0.696
Positive persuasion	2.59 (0.48)	2.56 (0.49)	0.755
Insistence to eat	2.20 (0.61)	1.97 (0.66)	0.080

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[1] Corresponding author: Lucinéia de Pinho. E-mail: lucineiapinho@hotmail.com