Adquisición teórico-práctico de tópicos relevantes sobre seguridad del paciente: dilemas en la formación de enfermeros

Bim, Lucas Lazarini; Bim, Felipe Lazarini; Silva, Andrea Mara Bernardes da; Sousa, Alvaro Francisco Lopes de; Hermann, Paula Regina de Souza; Andrade, Denise de; Hass, Vanderlei José

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (4) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0127 copiar

Adquisición teórico-práctico de tópicos relevantes sobre seguridad del paciente: dilemas en la formación de enfermeros

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Objetivo:

Investigar contenidos relacionados a seguridad del paciente, contemplados en programas de cursos de grado en Enfermería de dos Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior brasileñas.

Método:

Estudio descriptivo, tipo survey, realizado con 119 alumnos de cursos de Enfermería (Licenciatura y Bachillerato), de agosto a setiembre de 2016. Los tópicos investigados estaban basados en el Patient safety curriculum guide: multi-professional edition. Se realizaron análisis univariados y bivariados de los datos.

Resultados:

De 46 contenidos investigados, dos obtuvieron alto grado de desaprobación en actividades teóricas y/o prácticas: "Cultivo de culpa" e "Infección comunitaria". Los alumnos de Licenciatura y Bachillerato reportaron mayor adquisición en clases teóricas (p = 0,012), mientras los de Bachillerato reportaron equivalentemente a teoría y práctica (p = 0,013).

Conclusión:

Los contenidos estuvieron mayoritariamente contemplados en abordajes teóricos y prácticos al menos una vez durante el curso; aunque se registraron puntajes menores respecto de contenidos vinculados a aspectos socioculturales relacionados a seguridad del paciente.

Palabras claves:
Seguridad del Paciente; Educación Superior; Educación en Enfermería; Currículum

	N	%
Gender
Male	16	13.4
Female	103	86.6
Age group
18 to 25	106	89.1
26 to 30	8	6.7
Older than 30	5	4.2
Regime of the course
Licentiate and Bachelor degree	40	33.6
Bachelor degree	79	66.4
Did the student carry out scientific initiation?
Yes	80	67.2
No	39	32.8
Did the student have previous skills or training in the healthcare area?
Nursing technician	8	6.7
Nursing aide	3	2.5
Other(s)	2	1.6
No	106	89.1
Does the student work or did work as a professional in the healthcare area?
Yes	10	8.4
No	109	91.6

Topic	Tracking terms	Theoretical classes	Practical classes	Theory and practice	Not achieved
Topic	Tracking terms	%	%	%	%
What is patient safety?	Notions of patient safety	37.0	0.8	61.3	0.8
	Care with focus on patients	30.3	4.2	64.7	0.8
	Adverse events	70.6	0.8	24.4	4.2
	Errors involving human, environmental, or organizational factors	63.9	0.8	30.8	5.0
	Culture of blame	26.1	7.6	4.2	62.2
Reasons why the application of human factors is important for patient safety	Use of ergonomic principles in patient care	28.6	4.2	49.6	17.6
	Fatigue and stress during professional performance	50.4	14.3	23.5	11.8
	Safety in the use of equipment	20.2	3.4	75.6	0.8
	N95 or PFF2	42.9	2.5	31.9	22.7
	Regulatory Standard no. 32 (NR32)	25.2	0.8	68.1	5.9
	Standard precautions/Use of personal protective equipment	10.9	0	89.1	0
	Workers’ immunization	40.3	0	55.5	4.2
Effective team	Work’s organizational structure	51.3	1.7	42.0	5.0
	Interdisciplinarity/Healthcare team	35.3	3.4	59.7	1.7
	Effective leadership	48.7	2.5	44.5	4.2
	Resolution of conflicts	42.9	5.9	36.1	15.1
	Supervision	45.4	3.4	44.5	6.7
	Communication process in the work environment	31.9	1.7	61.3	5.0
Learning through errors to prevent damage	Errors/Types of errors	37.0	1.7	61.3	0
	How to learn with errors	37.0	12.6	31.9	18.5
	Notification of errors	50.4	11.8	24.4	13.4
Use of quality improvement methods for improvement in care	Indicators of quality of care	45.4	2.5	45.4	6.7
Use of quality improvement methods for improvement in care	Improvement in care	31.9	0	63.9	4.2
Medication safety	Side effects	69.7	0.8	24.4	5.0
	Medication system and processes of prescription, distribution, and administration of medications	16.8	3.4	76.5	3.4
	Medication errors	47.9	0.8	48.7	2.5
Interaction with patients and caregivers	Legislations and rights of healthcare system users	73.1	0.8	19.3	6.7
	Respect for patients’ healthcare needs (cultural aspects and beliefs)	28.6	0	71.4	0
	Family’s responsibility and integration in patient care	26.9	2.5	68.9	1.7
Prevention and control of infections	HAIs	63.9	1.7	26.9	7.6
	Hospital infection	53.8	1.7	42.0	2.5
	Community acquired infection	48.7	0	9.2	42.0
	Biofilm	71.4	1.7	16.0	10.9
	Pandemic	72.3	5.9	21.8	0
	Epidemic	73.9	0.8	19.3	5.9
	Outbreak	56.3	0.8	21.8	21.0
	Infection risks	37.0	0	62.2	0.8
	Infection chain and cross-infection	62.2	1.7	30.3	5.9
	Hand hygiene	10.1	1.7	87.4	0.8
	Disinfection	25.2	0	73.9	0.8
	Antisepsis	7.6	0.8	90.8	0.8
	Antisepsis techniques	16.8	1.7	80.7	0.8
	Precautionary and control measures of infections	22.7	0	75.6	1.7
	Isolation	25.2	1.7	70.6	2.5
	Microbial resistance	60.5	0.8	32.8	5.9
	Processing of contaminated articles	47.1	38.6	14.3	0

Outcome	Regime of the course	N	Mean	Standard deviation	p value
Number of tracking terms reported (theoretical classes)	Licentiate and Bachelor degree	40	16.10	7.64	0.012
Number of tracking terms reported (theoretical classes)	Bachelor degree	79	20.45	9.32
Number of tracking terms reported (practical classes)	Licentiate and Bachelor degree	40	1.12	2.62	0.930
Number of tracking terms reported (practical classes)	Bachelor degree	79	1.08	1.82
Number of tracking terms reported (theory and practice)	Licentiate and Bachelor degree	40	25.17	9.35	0.013
Number of tracking terms reported (theory and practice)	Bachelor degree	79	20.51	9.54

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[1] Corresponding author: Denise de Andrade. E-mail: dandrade@eerp.usp.br