Does the spirituality of nurses interfere in the record of spiritual suffering diagnosis?

Ienne, Amanda; Fernandes, Rosa Aurea Quintella; Puggina, Ana Claudia

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0082

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 22 (1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0082 copy

Does the spirituality of nurses interfere in the record of spiritual suffering diagnosis?

¿La espiritualidad de enfermeras asistencias interfere en el registro de lo diagnóstico sufrimiento espiritual?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

To assess the spirituality of nurses and relate it to personal characteristics, sector of activity, and spiritual practices; to analyze the influence of spirituality of nurses in the record of a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis.

Methods:

Quantitative cross-sectional study, using the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument-Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs Module (WHOQOL-SRPB).

Results:

132 nurses were included and most of them were women (81.8%), married (56.8%), with an average age of 34 years (± 6.8). Most nurses believe in God or in a superior force (99.2%) and have never recorded a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis (78.8%). There was no association of spirituality with the sector of activity; the variable "marital status" was significant in six out of the eight factors of spirituality, and the variable "willingness to talk about spirituality" was significant in seven out of the eight factors.

Conclusion:

The spirituality of nurses does not interfere with the recording of a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis.

Keywords:
Spirituality; Religion; Nursing Care

Questions	n	%	Questions	n	%
Do you believe in God (power, spirit, superior force or intelligence)?			Regardless of your attendance of religious meetings, how important is religion to you?
Yes	131	99.2
No	1	0.8
Religion/Doctrine/Sect/Belief			Not important	3	2.3
Catholic	77	58.3	Not very important	2	1.5
Evangelical	30	22.7	Quite important	6	4.5
Spiritism	16	12.1	Important	38	28.8
Umbanda	2	1.5	Very Important	83	62.9
Spiritualized with no religion	6	4.5	How important is spirituality to nursing care?
Atheist	1	0.8	How important is spirituality to nursing care?
How often do you go to the church/temple/center/synagogue or any other religious meetings?			Not important	2	1.5
			Not very important	2	1.5
			Quite important	10	7.6
			Important	62	47.0
Never	2	1.5	Very Important	56	42.4
Hardly ever	48	36.4	Have you ever diagnosed a patient with “spiritual suffering”?
Once a year	3	2.3
Once a month	19	14.4
Once a week	40	30.3
Two to three times a week	20	15.2	Yes	28	21.2
How much time do you dedicate to private religious activities, such as prayers, meditation, or reading of sacred books?			No	104	78.8
			Have you ever requested for or suggested spiritual help to a patient?
Never	6	4.5	Yes	77	58.3
Hardly ever	24	18.2	No	55	41.7
Once a year	2	1.5	Have you ever felt the need to talk about spirituality to a patient?
Once a month	3	2.3
Once a week	16	12.1
Two to three times a week	16	12.1	Yes	105	79.5
Once a day	48	36.4	No	27	20.5
More than once a day	17	12.9
Total	132	100	Total	132	100

Factors	µ^* * Normalized values from 0 to 100.	σ^* * Normalized values from 0 to 100.	µ^ Values according to the Likert scale for each factor. The Likert scale for each factor goes from 1 to 5.	σ^ Values according to the Likert scale for each factor. The Likert scale for each factor goes from 1 to 5.
Connection to being or spiritual strength	85.1	12.4	4.3	0.7
Meaning of life	87.5	11.1	4.4	0.7
Admiration	83.3	12.4	4.2	0.7
Completeness and integration	77.9	11.2	3.9	0.7
Spiritual strength	84.9	11.9	4.3	0.7
Inner peace	78.3	12.5	3.9	0.8
Hope and optimism	81.3	11.9	4.1	0.7
Faith	87.1	12.5	4.4	0.8
Total	83.2	9.9	4.2	0.5

Characteristics	Connection to being or spiritual strength			Meaning of life			Admiration			Completeness and integration			Spiritual strength			Inner peace			Hope and optimism			Faith
Characteristics	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value	µ	σ	p-value
Age (in years old)			0.06			0.69			0.04			0.34			0.07			0.10			0.32			0.05
Under 25	4.2	0.7		4.4	0.7		3.9	0.9		3.8	0.6		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.8		4.0	0.6		4.2	0.8
26 to 30	4.4	0.8		4.5	0.6		4.1	0.7		3.9	0.6		4.4	0.6		4.1	0.7		4.1	0.6		4.6	0.6
31 to 40	4.1	0.7		4.3	0.7		4.1	0.8		3.9	0.6		4.1	0.7		3.8	0.7		4.0	0.7		4.2	0.8
41 or over	4.5	0.8		4.4	0.8		4.6	0.4		4.0	0.9		4.4	0.9		4.1	1.0		4.3	0.8		4.5	0.9
Gender^* * Mann-Whitney test.			0.32			0.12			0.58			0.24			0.68			0.45			0.35			0.04
Female	4.3	0.7		4.3	0.7		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.3	0.8		3.9	0.8		4.0	0.7		4.4	0.8
Male	4.1	0.8		4.6	0.5		4.2	0.7		4.0	0.5		4.3	0.6		4.0	0.6		4.2	0.7		4.2	0.7
Marital Status			0.02			0.15			0.01			0.01			0.00			0.00			0.23			0.00
Single	4.1	0.8		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.7		3.7	0.6		4.0	0.7		3.8	0.7		4.0	0.6		4.1	0.7
Married	4.3	0.7		4.4	0.7		4.2	0.8		3.9	0.7		4.3	0.8		3.9	0.8		4.1	0.8		4.4	0.8
Separated	4.8	0.4		4.0	0.9		4.5	0.4		4.4	0.7		4.6	0.6		4.2	0.4		4.5	0.7		4.8	0.5
Divorced	4.7	0.5		4.7	0.6		4.8	0.3		4.3	0.5		4.9	0.2		4.7	0.6		4.3	0.6		4.9	0.3
Education/Degree^* * Mann-Whitney test.			0.23			0.19			0.74			0.91			0.22			0.51			0.95			0.17
Higher education complete	4.3	0.7		4.5	0.6		4.1	0.8		3.9	0.6		4.4	0.6		4.0	0.8		4.1	0.7		4.5	0.6
Specialization or Residency complete	4.2	0.8		4.3	0.8		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.2	0.8		3.9	0.8		4.1	0.7		4.3	0.9
Sector of activity			0.66			0.21			0.35			0.79			0.66			0.37			0.70			0.07
Hospitalization Unit	4.3	0.7		4.4	0.7		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.2	0.9		3.9	0.9		4.1	0.7		4.4	0.8
Semi-intensive	4.1	0.8		4.1	0.9		3.9	0.8		3.9	0.7		4.3	0.4		3.7	0.8		3.8	1.0		4.0	0.7
Intensive Care Unit	4.1	0.8		4.5	0.8		4.3	0.8		4.0	0.6		4.3	0.7		4.1	0.8		4.1	0.7		4.3	0.8
Emergency	4.3	0.8		4.2	0.7		4.0	0.8		3.8	0.7		4.4	0.6		3.8	0.6		4.1	0.7		4.4	0.7
Dialysis	3.8	1.1		3.8	1.1		3.5	0.7		3.4	0.5		3.5	0.7		3.1	0.2		3.4	0.5		3.5	0.7
Operating Room	4.4	0.8		4.6	0.5		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.1	0.7		3.8	0.6		4.2	0.5		4.8	0.4
Religion/Doctrine/Sect/Belief			0.00			0.30			0.59			0.40			0.01			0.15			0.23			0.01
Catholic	4.1	0.7		4.3	0.7		4.1	0.8		3.9	0.7		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.8		4.0	0.7		4.3	0.8
Evangelical	4.6	0.6		4.5	0.5		4.2	0.7		4.0	0.6		4.5	0.6		4.1	0.6		4.2	0.6		4.7	0.5
Spiritism	4.6	0.4		4.6	0.5		4.5	0.5		3.9	0.6		4.5	0.5		3.8	0.6		4.2	0.6		4.6	0.5
Umbandist	5.0	0.0		4.5	0.7		3.8	1.1		3.9	0.2		4.9	0.2		4.5	0.7		4.1	1.2		4.9	0.2
Spiritualized with no religion	3.8	0.9		4.2	0.6		4.0	0.8		3.6	0.7		3.6	0.8		3.6	0.8		3.7	0.6		3.8	0.9
Atheist	1.8	-		1.8	-		4.5	-		1.0	-		1.0	-		1.0	-		2.0	-		1.0	-
How important is spirituality to nursing care?			0.26			0.44			0.01			0.13			0.06			0.52			0.23			0.04
Not important	4.0	0.0		3.5	1.8		2.8	0.7		3.1	0.2		3.8	0.0		3.4	0.2		3.4	0.5		3.5	0.7
Not very important	3.6	0.9		3.8	1.1		3.4	0.2		3.5	0.7		3.5	0.7		4.0	1.1		3.8	0.4		4.1	0.2
Quite important	4.0	0.9		4.2	0.8		3.7	0.9		3.6	0.7		3.6	1.1		3.6	0.9		3.7	0.9		3.7	1.0
Important	4.2	0.7		4.4	0.6		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.7		4.1	0.7		4.4	0.7
Very Important	4.4	0.8		4.4	0.7		4.3	0.6		4.0	0.7		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.8		4.2	0.7		4.4	0.8
Have you ever diagnosed a patient with “spiritual suffering”?^* * Mann-Whitney test.			0.53			0.15			0.67			0.10			0.47			0.70			0.52			0.45
Yes	4.1	0.9		4.2	0.8		4.2	0.9		4.0	0.9		4.1	1.0		3.9	1.0		4.1	0.9		4.2	1.0
No	4.3	0.7		4.4	0.7		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.6		4.3	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.1	0.7		4.4	0.7
Have you ever requested or suggested spiritual help to a patient?^* * Mann-Whitney test.			0.23			0.66			0.01			0.00			0.10			0.45			0.05			0.18
Yes	4.3	0.7		4.4	0.6		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.7		4.3	0.8		3.9	0.8		4.2	0.7		4.4	0.8
No	4.2	0.8		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.8		3.7	0.6		4.2	0.7		3.9	0.7		3.9	0.7		4.3	0.7
Have you ever felt the need to talk about spirituality to a patient?^* * Mann-Whitney test.			0.02			0.04			0.04			0.01			0.01			0.12			0.03			0.00
Yes	4.3	0.7		4.5	0.6		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.7		4.3	0.7		4.0	0.8		4.1	0.7		4.5	0.7
No	3.9	0.8		4.1	0.9		3.9	0.9		3.6	0.6		3.9	0.8		3.7	0.8		3.8	0.8		4.0	0.8

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[1] Corresponding author: Ana Cláudia Puggina. E-mail: apuggina@prof.ung.br