Anxiety and depression in cardiac surgery: sex and age range differences

Rodrigues, Hélen Francine; Furuya, Rejane Kiyomi; Dantas, Rosana Aparecida Spadoti; Dessotte, Carina Aparecida Marosti

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Research • Esc. Anna Nery 20 (3) • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20160072 copy

Anxiety and depression in cardiac surgery: sex and age range differences

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To investigate the association between anxiety and depression symptoms and sex and age among preoperative patients submitted to their first cardiac surgery.

Methods:

This is a correlational cross-sectional study, with 84 participants. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used. Student's t-test for independent samples (sex), ANOVA (age group), and linear regression analysis were used, with a significance level of 5%.

Results:

Women had more anxiety and depression symptoms, with higher mean values and statistically significant differences (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001). In the regression analysis, sex was significant in the model (p = 0.011). Considering age, the differences regarding the presence of these symptoms were not statistically significant, either in ANOVA or in the regression analysis.

Conclusion:

Women had more anxiety and depression symptoms in the preoperative period of cardiac surgeries. Nurses should consider these results during the educational plan preparation for surgical patients.

Keywords:
Perioperative nursing; Anxiety; Depression; Thoracic surgery

Variables	Male (n = 53) % (n)	Female (n = 31) % (n)	p
Married/consensual union	79.2 (42)	58.1 (18)	0.176^ Chi-square test;
Professionally active	37.7 (20)	9.7 (3)	0.006^‡ ‡ Fisher’s exact test.
Age group (years)
18-44.9	11.3 (6)	19.4 (6)	0.722^ Chi-square test;
45-54.9	22.6 (12)	19.4 (6)
55-64.9	35.8 (19)	41.9 (13)
65-74.9	18.9 (10)	12.9 (4)
≥ 75	11.3 (6)	6.5 (2)
Presence of comorbidities
Systemic arterial hypertension	64.2 (34)	74.2 (23)	0.342^ Chi-square test;
Smoking	62.3 (33)	61.3 (19)	0.929^ Chi-square test;
Dyslipidemia	52.8 (28)	54.8 (17)	0.859^ Chi-square test;
Overweight/obesity	47.2 (25)	67.6 (21)	0.068^ Chi-square test;
Diabetes mellitus	35.8 (19)	41.9 (13)	0.579^ Chi-square test;
Surgery conducted
Valve repair	50.9 (27)	48.4 (15)	0.970^ Chi-square test;
Myocardial revascularization	43.4 (23)	45.2 (14)
Valve repair + myocardial revascularization	5.7 (3)	6.5 (2)
Use of preoperative psychotropic medication	7.5 (4)	25.8 (8)	0.028^‡ ‡ Fisher’s exact test.

Variables	HADS - Anxiety Mean (SD)	HADS - Depression Mean (SD)
Sex
Female (n = 31)	7.3 (4.9)	6.2 (4.9)
Male (n = 53)	4.7 (3.6)	3.3 (3.1)
p ^* * Student’s t-test for independent samples;	0.007	0.001
Age group
18-44.9 (n = 12)	6.5 (4.3)	4.8 (4.8)
45-54.9 (n = 18)	4.9 (2.6)	4.7 (5.0)
55-64.9 (n = 32)	7.0 (4.8)	3.7 (3.6)
65-74.9 (n = 14)	3.6 (3.1)	5.1 (4.2)
≥ 75 years (n = 08)	4.7 (5.7)	4.0 (3.0)
p ^ ANOVA.	0.104	0.832

Explanatory variables	Coefficient	Standard error	*p value^ * p value for the t-test of null hypothesis of coefficient = 0;**	R²^† † R2 (adjusted to the variables of the model) on a given line refers to the proportion of variance that is explained by the model that includes all variables and the line (sex and age) or above this line (sex);	P^‡ ‡ p value from the F test of null hypothesis that a change in R2 between the prior model and the model containing all variables is 0.
Sex (reference: female)	-2.487	0.952	0.011	0.096
Age (in years)	-0.035	0.038	0.352	0.073	0.017

Explanatory variables	Coefficient	Standard error	*p value^ * p value for the t-test of null hypothesis of coefficient = 0;**	R²^† † R2 (adjusted to the variables of the model) on a given line refers to the proportion of variance that is explained by the model that includes all variables and the line (sex and age) or above this line (sex);	P^‡ ‡ p value from the F test of null hypothesis that a change in R2 between the prior model and the model containing all variables is 0.
Sex (reference: female)	-2.933	0.900	0.002	0.120
Age (in years)	-0.007	0.036	0.854	0.098	0.006

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[1] Corresponding Author: Hélen Francine Rodrigues. E-mail: hfrodrigues.usp@gmail.com