The profile of nursing workers at university hospitals and workloads: a cluster analysis

Carvalho, Deciane Pintanela de; Rocha, Laurelize Pereira; Brum, Aline Neutzling; Gutierres, Evilin Diniz; Nogario, Aline Carniato Dalle; Bordignon, Simoní Saraiva

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 26 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0194 copy

The profile of nursing workers at university hospitals and workloads: a cluster analysis^a a Extracted from the dissertation: “Elaboração e validação do instrumento “Escala de Cargas de Trabalho nas Atividades de Enfermagem” e a relação com o presenteísmo no contexto socioambiental de hospitais universitários”, by Deciane Pintanela de Carvalho, Advisor Laurelize Pereira Rocha and Coordinator Aline Neutzling Brum, defended at the Graduate Nursing Program at the Federal University of Rio Grande, 2020.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

to analyze the sociodemographic and occupational profile and intensity of workloads among nursing professionals working in university hospitals.

Method

This quantitative and cross-sectional study addressed 361 nursing workers from November 2019 to February 2020, using the Escala de Cargas de Trabalho nas Atividades de Enfermagem and cluster analysis.

Results

Four clusters were identified: with female workers (2, 3, and 4) and male workers (1). Exposure to workload was reported to be intense (1, 2, and 3) and a little intense (4). The work units most frequently identified in clusters 1, 2, and 3 were the Emergency and Urgent Care Unit, Pediatrics, and Medical Clinic, whereas Maternity Services and Surgical Clinics were the units most frequently identified in cluster 4. Most workers in clusters 1 and 3 had from 1 to 5 years of experience, cluster 2 from 15 to 20 years, and the workers in cluster 4 had less than one year of work experience.

Conclusion and implications for practice

the identification of four clusters enabled analyzing the profile of the nursing workers, which favors the planning of interventions intended to minimize workloads according to the specificities of each group.

Keywords:
Cluster Analysis; Workload; Nursing; Hospitals, University; Work

Construct	Nursing Activities
F1 – Psychological load	Administrative tasks, care delivery, teaching, research, and extension activities; communication, guidance, supervision; teamwork; constant alertness; psychological and/or moral violence; stress.
F2 – Physiological load	Lifting heavy loads; moving patients; physical strain.
F3 – Biological load	Microorganisms; secretions; body fluids and procedures.
F4 – Mechanical load	Physical violence, falls, and occupational accidents.
F5 – Physical load	Infrastructure, lighting, physical space, material, waste disposal, and electronic shock.
F6 – Chemical load	Preparation and administration of medications, handling cleaning products, and disinfecting material.

Variables		Cluster 1 (n = 66)	Cluster 2 (n = 143)	Cluster 3 (n = 91)	Cluster 4 (n = 61)
Variables		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Sex	Women	-	143 (100)	91 (100)	61 (100)
Sex	Men	66 (100)	-	-	-
Work experience	< 1 year	1 (1.5)	2(1.4)	-	57 (93.4)
	From 1 to 5 years	23 (34.8)	16 (11.2)	91 (100)	-
	From 5 to 10 years	11 (16.7)	31 (21.7)	-	-
	From 10 to 15 years	7 (10.6)	33 (23.1)
	From 15 to 20 years	8 (12.1)	37 (25.9)	-	2 (3.3)
	From 20 to 25 years	3 (4.5)	12 (8.4)		1 (1.6)
	From 25 to 30 years	5 (7.6)	8(5.6)	-	1 (1.6)
	>30 years	2 (3.0)	4 (2.8)	-	-
Unit	EUC	19 (28.8)	19 (13.3)	13 (14.3)	1 (1.6)
	Obstetrical Unit	-	1 (0.7)	10 (11)	9 (14.8)
	Maternity Services	2 (3.0)	18 (12.6)	18 (19.8)	11 (18)
	Pediatric Clinic	3 (4.5)	20 (14)	-	5 (8.2)
	ER	11 (16.7)	15 (10.5)	-	7 (11.5)
	Medical Clinic	13 (19.7)	11 (7.7)	23 (25.3)	10 (16.4)
	Surgical Clinic	4 (6.1)	10 (7.0)	6 (6.6)	11 (18)
	Surgery Center	1 (1.5)	18 (12.6)	-	1 (1.6)
	General ICU	5(7.6)	12 (8.4)	5 (5.5)	3 (4.9)
	Neonatal ICU	8 (12.1)	19 (13.3)	16 (17.6)	3 (4.9)
Intensity of Workloads		$\bar{X}$ (SD)	$\bar{X}$ (SD)	$\bar{X}$ (SD)	$\bar{X}$ (SD)
Intensity of Workloads		2.05 (0.76)	2.08 (0.65)	2.21 (0.56)	1.80(0.66)

Cluster	Not intense at all	Little intense	Intense	Very intense	Extremely intense	p-value
	$\bar{X}$	$\bar{X}$	$\bar{X}$	$\bar{X}$	$\bar{X}$
1	-	-	2.05	-	-
2	-	-	2.08	-	-	0.002^* * - p<0.05
3	-	-	2.21	-	-
4	-	1.80	-	-	-

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[1] Corresponding author: Deciane Pintanela de Carvalho. E-mail: deciane.carvalho@gmail.com