<b>Postpartum depression symptoms and association with socieconomic and social support characteristics</b>

Santos, Maria Luiza Cunha; Reis, Joyce Ferreira; Silva, Ranielle de Paula; Santos, Dherik Fraga; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 26 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0265 copy

Postpartum depression symptoms and association with socieconomic and social support characteristics ^a a This article derived from the research project “Violência contra a mulher na gestação e a depressão pós-parto: estudo em uma maternidade de baixo risco”, funded by the Espírito Santo Research and Innovation Foundation (FAPES). – FAPES/CNPq Notice 04/2017. Process 80641393/2017, granted to Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

to verify the prevalence of postpartum depression symptoms in postpartum women assisted at a public maternity hospital and its association with socioeconomic and social support characteristics.

Method

this is an epidemiological, analytical, cross-sectional study in a public maternity hospital conducted from August to October 2017. A sample of 330 postpartum women was interviewed using a form to measure the presence postpartum depression symptoms. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used. To measure social support, the Medical Outcomes Study instrument was used. The measure of association adopted was the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and adjusted Poisson regression was applied.

Results

the prevalence of PPD symptoms was 29.7%. Age between 14 and 24 years (PR:1.60; 95%CI: 1.10–2.34), have up to 8 years of education (PR:1.39; 95%CI: 1.01–2.14) and the low level of affective (PR:1.52; 95%CI: 1.07–2.14) and emotional (PR:2.12; 95%CI: 1.41-3.19) social support were associated with higher prevalence of PPD symptoms.

Conclusion and implications for practice

in this context, health professionals can play an essential role in which they can jointly develop a care plan according to the needs of women in the pregnancy-puerperal period.

Keywords:
Depression Postpartum; Postpartum Period; Risk Factors; Social Support; Women’s Health

Variables	n (%)	*Prevalence % (95%CI)**	p-value
Age (years)			0.001
14 – 24	193 (58.5)	36.8 (30.2 – 43.9)
25 and older	137 (41.5)	19.7 (13.8 – 27.3)
Marital status			0.003
Married/consensual union	265 (80.3)	26.0 (21.1 – 31.7)
Single/in a relationship	65 (19.7)	44.6 (32.9 – 56.9)
Education (years)			0.001
Up to 8	118 (35.8)	40.7 (32.1 – 49.8)
9 and more	212 (64.2)	23.6 (18.3 – 29.8)
ABEP economic class			0.087
B/C	192 (58.2)	34.8 (27.3 – 43.1)
D/E	138 (41.8)	26.0 (20.3 – 32.8)
Social support
Material			0.003
Low	154 (46.7)	37.7 (30.3 – 45.6)
High	176 (53.3)	22.7 (17.1 – 29.5)
Affective			<0.001
Low	94 (28.5)	48.9 (39.0 – 59.0)
High	236 (71.5)	22.0 (17.2 – 27.8)
Emotional			<0.001
Low	151 (45.8)	45.0 (37.3 – 53.1)
High	179 (54.2)	16.8 (11.9 – 23.0)
Information			<0.001
Low	159 (48.2)	40.9 (33.5 – 48.7)
High	171 (51.8)	19.3 (14.0 – 25.9)
Positive social interaction			<0.001
Low	151 (45.8)	39.7 (32.2 – 47.8)
High	179 (54.2)	21.2 (15.8 – 27.9)

Variables	Unadjusted analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variables	PR*	95%CI**	p-value	PR*	95%CI**	p-value
Age (years)			0.002			0.014
14 – 24	1.86	1.26 - 2.74		1.60	1.10 – 2.34
25 and older	1.0			1.0
Marital status			0.002			0.171
Married/consensual union	1.0			1.0
Single/in a relationship	1.71	1.22 – 2.40		1.34	0.95 – 1.89
Education (years)			0.001			0.040
Up to 8	1.72	1.24 – 2.39		1.39	1.01 – 2.14
9 and more	1.0			1.0
ABEP economy class			0.086
B/C	1.0			1.0		0.691
D/E	1.33	0.96 -1.86		1.07	0.77 – 1.48
Social support
Material			0.004			0.657
Low	1.65	1.17-2.32		1.09	0.75 – 1.58
High	1.0			1.0
Affective			<0.001			0.018
Low	2.22	1.61 – 3.04		1.52	1.07 – 2.14
High	1.0			1.0
Emotional			<0.001			<0.001
Low	2.69	1.85 – 3.89		2.12	1.41 – 3.19
High	1.0			1.0
Information			<0.001			0.139
Low	2.11	1.47-3.03		1.36	0.91 – 2.04
High	1.0			1.0
Positive social interaction			<0.001			0.716
Low	1.87	1.32 – 2.64		1.05	0.72 – 1.52
High	1.0			1.0

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[1] Corresponding Author: Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite. E-mail: francielemarabotti@gmail.com.