CONTEXTUAL FACTORS RELATED TO SCHOOOL PRINCIPAL’S TURNOVER IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO

Andrade, Felipe Macedo de; Koslinski, Mariane Campelo; Ceneviva, Ricardo

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ARTICLES • Educ. rev. 34 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-4698182446 copy

CONTEXTUAL FACTORS RELATED TO SCHOOOL PRINCIPAL’S TURNOVER IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO¹ 1 This study was funded by FAPERJ (Young Scientist of the State Notice).

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study investigates school principal’s turnover in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2006 to 2012, a period that includes the years before and after the implementation of school accountability policies by the Municipal Education Department. The goal of the study was to investigate the contextual factors related to school principal’s turnover rates at public primary schools, due to a growth of pressures over school principal’s position, because of changes in the requirements to become a principal and the implementation of school accountability policies. The results suggest that the principal’s experience, the percentage of pupils with age/grade gap in schools, and student performance are associated with the likelihood of principals’ re-elections, especially at mandates that began in the period after the implementation of school accountability policies.

KEYWORDS:
Principal´s turnover; School accountability; Educational evaluation; School principal´s selection

Name	Type	Description
Dependent Variable
Principal’s Situation	Dichotomic	The principal who remains during appointment and is re-elected for a following one = 0. Principal who left the position before the end of appointment or remains during the appointment, but he/she does not apply or is not re-elected to a new one = 1.	MDE Data
Explanatory Variables
Age/Grade Gap	Continuous	Indicates the percentage of students per school with some age or grade gap.	Inep Indicator
Poverty Index	Continuous	Indicates the percentage of students eligible to receive Bolsa Família per school.	MDE Data
Parents Education	Continuous	Percentage of students with parents with high school education level and/or complete or incomplete higher education level.	MDE Data
Principal Experience	Continuous	Number of years that the principal acts in the city of Rio de Janeiro’s school network, based on an individual’s date of taking office.	MDE Data
School Math Performance (2005)	Continuous	School proficiency in mathematics in the 2005 Prova Brasil.	Prova Brasil
School Math Performance (2009)	Continuous	School proficiency in mathematics in the 2005 Prova Brasil.	Prova Brasil
2009-2010 Wage Bonus	Dichotomic	Indicates if the school received the wage bonus relating to achieving goals in 2009 and/or 2010 (1 = Yes, 0 = No).	Prova Rio
Low Performance	Dichotomic	Dummies who indicate if the schools were among the ten worst indicators per CRE¹⁵ 15 The Regional Education Departments (RED) are intermediate instances related to the Municipal Education Department (MED), working together with a group of schools and assisting in educational policy implementation. In the city of Rio de Janeiro’s accountability policy, the REDs also have goals depending on school performance. For this reason, it is likely that they pressure low-performing schools. in one of the years or educational segment, or if the school has the worst indicators in two years or in both educational segments.	Prova Brasil

Name	Mean	Standard Deviation
Parent’s Education (2006)	29.31	13.95
Parent’s Education (2009)	31.90	14.01
Age/Grade Gap (2007)¹⁷ 16 The indicator proportion of students with age-grade distortion of 2007 was employed because it is the first year of the historic line provided by Inep.	23.93	12.14
Age/Grade Gap (2009)	21.87	11.10
Poverty Index (2006)	25.19	10.69
Poverty Index (2009)	29.01	12.12
Principal’s Experience (2006)	16.74	6.76
Principal’s Experience (2009)	19.53	6.79
Low Performance (2005)	0.34	-
Low Performance (2005/2009)	0.35	-
School Math Performance 5th grade (2005)¹⁷ 17 The non-standardized SAEB scale proficiencies were employed.	188.89	13.03
School Math Performance 9th grade (2005)	247.13	15.05
School Math Performance 5th grade (2009)	215.65	16.68
School Math Performance 9th grade (2009)	243.22	14.97
2009/2010 Wage Bonus	0.72	-

Dependent Variable:
0- Reelected / 1- Left the Position or Not Reelected
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Parent`s Education	1.003 (0.010)	1.009 (0.012)	1.005 (0.014)	1.014 (0.020)
Age/Grade Gap	1.008 (0.011)	1.023 (0.012)	1.012 (0.015)	1.006 (0.023)
Poverty Index	1.007 (0.013)	1.013 (0.014)	1.019 (0.016)	1.013 (0.022)
School Math Performance 5th Grade (2005)			1.011 (0.013)
School Math Performance 9th Grade (2005)				0.988 (0.014)
Principal`s Experience	1.036* (0.018)	1.031 (0.019)	1.042* (0.022)	1.013 (0.028)
Low Performance		0.756 (0.314)
Constant	0.058*** (0.759)	0.032*** (0.847)	0.003* (2.563)	1.243 (3.667)
Observations	603	549	456	206
Log Likelihood	-255.147	-223.829	-174.615	-99.281
Akaike Inf. Crit.	520.293	459.658	361.231	210.562
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; **p<0.01

Dependent Variable:
0- Reelected / 1- Left the Position or Not Reelected
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Parent`s Education	1.004 (0.009)	1.006 (0.010)	0.996 (0.011)	1.039* (0.020)
Age/Grade Gap	1.037*** (0.010)	1.033** (0.011)	1.032* (0.013)	1.054* (0.023)
Poverty Index	1.004 (0.009)	0.997 (0.010)	0.992 (0.011)	1.016 (0.016)
Principal`s Experience	1.042** (0.015)	1.050** (0.017)	1.058** (0.019)	1.066* (0.025)
Wage Bonus		0.713 (0.230)	0.744 (0.265)	0.897 (0.333)
Low Performance		1.284* (0.254)
School Math Performance 5th Grade (2009)			0.993 (0.009)
School Math Performance 9th Grade (2009)				0.971* (0.014)
Constant	0.030*** (0.657)	0.035*** (0.745)	0.194 (2.037)	3.147 (3.504)
Observations	733	651	540	273
Log Likelihood	-331.194	-290.535	-229.400	-135.445
Akaike Inf. Crit.	672.387	595.070	472.799	284.889
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; **p<0.01

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[1] Contact:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro School of Education, (Annex - sl 108 and 109) , Av. Pasteur, 250, Campus Praia Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro|RJ|Brasil , ZIP CODE 22.290-240

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CONTEXTUAL FACTORS RELATED TO SCHOOOL PRINCIPAL’S TURNOVER IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO1 1 This study was funded by FAPERJ (Young Scientist of the State Notice).

ABSTRACT:

CONTEXTUAL FACTORS RELATED TO SCHOOOL PRINCIPAL’S TURNOVER IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO¹ 1 This study was funded by FAPERJ (Young Scientist of the State Notice).