Risky sexual behaviors and their association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students: a cross-sectional study

Lima, Alaine Souza; Pitangui, Ana Carolina Rodarti; Gomes, Mayra Ruana de Alencar; Mola, Rachel; Araújo, Rodrigo Cappato de

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2019AO4782

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Einstein (São Paulo) 17 (3) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2019AO4782 copy

Risky sexual behaviors and their association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students: a cross-sectional study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To determine the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in public schools with adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. We used the questionnaire Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The body mass index percentiles were calculated by means of table from the Center for Control and Prevention of Diseases. Possible associations were assessed using the χ² test and binary logistic regression model. The odds ratio and 95%CI were calculated.

Results

We evaluated 1,169 students, and 33.9% reported having had sexual intercourse. Of those, 33% did not use a condom during their last intercourse, and 32.7% had had four or more sexual partners thus far. Regarding nutritional status, 15.3% were overweight or obese. In relation to the non-use of condoms, we observed only an association with the number of lifetime sexual partners (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.28-0.88). The number of lifetime sexual partners was associated with males (OR: 9.17; 95%CI: 4.16-20.22), sexual debut age at 13 years or less (OR: 2.51; 95%CI: 1.23-5.13) and drinking alcohol or using drugs before the last intercourse (OR: 6.16; 95%CI: 2.14-17.73).

Conclusion

Risky sexual behavior rates were high and no association was found between risky sexual behaviors and overweight and obesity.

Sexual behavior; Adolescent behavior; Overweight; Obesity; Child

Variables	n (%)	95%CI
Sexual initiation age (n=387), years
≤13	159 (41.1)	36.1-46.2
≥14	228 (58.9)	53.8-63.9
Number of lifetime sexual partners (n=382)
1	149 (39.0)	34.1-44.1
2-3	108 (28.3)	23.8-33.1
4-5	53 (13.9)	10.6-17.7
≥6	72 (18.8)	15.0-23.1
Number of sexual partners in the last three months (n=378)
None	107 (28.3)	23.8-33.1
1-5	256 (67.7)	62.7-72.4
≥6	15 (4.0)	2.2-6.5
Alcohol and drug use before the last sexual intercourse (n=376)
Yes	48 (12.8)	9.6-16.6
No	328 (87.2)	83.4-90.4
Condom use at the last sexual intercourse (n=379)
Yes	254 (67.0)	62.0-71.7
No	125 (33.0)	28.3-38.0
Contraceptive method at the last sexual intercourse (n=378)
No method	69 (18.3)	14.5-22.5
Contraceptive pill	43 (11.4)	8.4-15.0
Condom	199 (52.6)	47.5-57.8
Contraceptive pill and condom	27 (7.1)	4.8-10.2
Other methods	40 (10.6)	7.7-14.1

Variables	Female	Male	Total
Variables	n (%); 95%CI	n (%); 95%CI	n (%); 95%CI
Body mass index
Low weight	40 (6.1); 4.4-8.2	42 (8.3); 6.0-11.0	82 (7.0); 5.6-8.6
Eutrophic	515 (78.0); 74.7-81.1	393 (77.2); 73.3-80.8	908 (77.7); 75.2-80.0
Overweight	72 (10.9); 8.6-13.5	51 (10.0); 7.5-12.9	123 (10.5); 8.8-12.4
Obesity	33 (5.0); 3.5-6.9	23 (4.5); 2.9-6.7	56 (4.8); 3.6-6.1
Body weight perception
Very or somewhat lower than expected weight	203 (30.9); 27.4-34.6	187 (37.0); 32.5-41.1	390 (33.6); 30.8-36.4
Expected weight	236 (35.9); 32.2-39.7	213 (42.2); 37.5-46.3	449 (38.6); 35.8-41.5
A little higher than expected weight	168 (25.6); 22.3-29.1	86 (17.0); 13.7-20.4	254 (21.9); 19.5-24.3
Much higher than expected weight	50 (7.6); 5.7-9.9	19 (3.8); 2.3-5.8	69 (5.9); 4.6-7.4

Independent variables	Non-use of condoms

	OR (95%CI)	p value
Mother's level of education
Incomplete junior school or lower	0.44 (0.17-1.13)	0.083
Complete high school or higher	1
Body mass index
Low weight	1
Eutrophic	0.44 (0.17-1.13)	0.087
Overweight and obesity	0.42 (0.12-1.44)	0.166
Body weight perception
Very or somewhat lower than expected weight	1
Expected weight	0.75 (0.42-1.35)	0.340
Very or somewhat higher than expected weight	1.35 (0.65-2.82)	0.418
Number of lifetime sexual partners
≤3	1
≥4	0.50 (0.28-0.88)	0.016
Intimate partner violence
Yes	2.26 (0.93-5.48)	0.071
No	1

Independent variables	≥4 partners

	OR (95%CI)	p value
Age, years
≤14	1
≥15	2.35 (0.84-6.55)	0.104
Sex
Female	1
Male	9.17 (4.16-20.22)	<0.001
Family income, minimum wage
Up to 2	0.80 (0.40-1.62)	0.534
>2	1
Body mass index
Low weight	1
Eutrophic	2.10 (0.58-7.56)	0.255
Overweight and obesity	0.94 (0.19-4.53)	0.936
Sexual initiation age, years
≤13	2.51 (1.23-5.13)	0.011
≥14	1
Alcohol and drug use before the last sexual intercourse
Yes	6.16 (2.14-17.73)	0.001
No	1
Intimate partner violence
Yes	2.80 (0.70-11.14)	0.145
No	1

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[TFN1] The total number may vary due to missing values. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.