Reliability of questionnaire The International Fitness Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pereira, Débora de Almeida; Correia Júnior, Jânio Luiz; Carvas Junior, Nelson; Freitas-Dias, Ricardo de

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2020RW5232

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

REVIEW • Einstein (São Paulo) 18 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020RW5232 copy

Reliability of questionnaire The International Fitness Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the reliability of The International Fitness Scale questionnaire for assessing overall physical fitness and related components.

Methods

PubMed^®, BIREME, SciELO, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and Cochrane databases were searched using the following search terms: “The International Fitness Scale”, “International Fitness Scale” and “IFIS”. Article selection and data extraction were performed according to the following eligibility criteria: reliability and/or validity study of the measure tools of The International Fitness Scale; adoption of the The International Fitness Scale as a reference criterion (gold standard) and being an original article. Quality of the study was considered based on Assessment of Reliability Studies. Data analysis used Kappa coefficient of agreement, Cochran and the Higgins I² test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the withdrawal model.

Results

A total of seven articles were included in the analysis. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.99, with most studies achieving values ≥0.60, indicative of moderate to substantial reliability.

Conclusion

In spite of appropriate test-retest scores attributed to most reliability indicators, heterogeneity among the studies remained high. Therefore, further studies with low risk of bias are needed to support the reliability of the self-reported The International Fitness Scale.

The International Fitness Scale; IFIS; Physical fitness; Muscle strength; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Self report

Author	Type of study	Sample size	Characteristics of participants	Interval between applications	IFIS Application
Ortega et al.⁽²⁾	Observational, test-retest reliability study	n=277	Sex: female (51%) and male (49%). Age group: 12.5 to 17.5 years. Countries: Grece, Germany, Belgium, France, Hungary, Austria, Italy, Sweden and Spain. Health status: free from acute infection of any kind or long standing disease <1 week prior to inclusion in the study	2 weeks	Not reported
Ramírez-Velez et al.⁽³⁾	Observational, test-retest reliability study	n=229	Sex: female (45.85%) and male (54.15%). Age group: 9 to 17.9 years. Country: Colombia. Health status: no clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and/or type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus , not pregnant, no consumption of alchool or other drugs	1 week	Not reported
Ortega et al.⁽⁶⁾	Observational, test-retest reliability study	n=181	Sex: female (73.48%) and male (27.52%). Age group: 18 to 43 years. Country: Spain	2 weeks	Not reported
Álvarez-Gallardo et al.⁽⁷⁾	Cross-sectional study	n=413	Sex: female. Age group: 37 to 65 years. Country: Spain. Health status: affected with fibromyalgia	1 week	Not reported
Sánchez-López et al.⁽⁸⁾	Cluster randomized trial	n=245	Sex: female (54%) and male (46%). Age group: 9 to 12 years. Country: Spain	2 weeks	Not reported
Olivares et al.⁽¹⁶⁾	Observational, test-retest study	n=89	Sex: female (37.8%) and male (62.2%). Age group: 12 to 18 years. Country: Chile	2 weeks	During physical education class Examiners graduated in Education in Physical Education and previously trained
De Moraes et al.⁽¹⁷⁾	Observational, test-retest reliability study	n=190 children and n=110 adolescents	Sex distribution of adolescent participants not reported by authors. Children aged 3 to 10 years (mean 6.7±2.1 years) and adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (14.6±1.8 years). Country: Brazil	15 days	Data collected over the course of 5 visits: (1) Project explanation and ICF handed out to parents; (2) Handing out of self-report questionnaire; (3) collection of filled out questionnaire; (4) second application; (5) collection of filled out questionnaire

Study	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9	Q10	Q11
Ortega et al.⁽²⁾	Y	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y
Ramírez-Vélez et al.⁽³⁾	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y
Ortega et al.⁽⁶⁾	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y
Álvarez-Gallardo et al.⁽⁷⁾	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y
Sánchez-López et al.⁽⁸⁾	Y	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y
Olivares et al.⁽¹⁶⁾	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y
De Moraes et al.⁽¹⁷	Y	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	Y	Y	Y

Population	Children (k=1)	Adolescents (k=2)	Adults (k=5)	Test for subgroup differences
IFIS Domains	Kappa (95%CI)	Kappa (95%CI)	Kappa (95%CI)	p value
Overall fitness	0.90 (0.98-0.99)	0.76 (0.60-0.85)	0.55 (0.33-0.72)	<0.001
I²	-	95.0%	90.5%
Cardiorespiratory fitness	0.98 (0.97-0.98)	0.80 (0.59-0.91)	0.51 (0.39-0.62)	<0.001
I²	-	97.7%	70.5%
Muscle strength	0.95 (0.93-0.96)	0.73 (0.53-0.85)	0.46 (0.32-0.59)	<0.001
I²	-	96.2%	75.3%
Speed/agility	0.98 (0.97-0.98)	0.76 (0.62-0.86)	0.53 (0.38-0.65)	<0.001
I²	-	94.5%	79.0%
Flexibility	0.93 (0.91-0.95)	0.73 (0.57-0.83)	0.62 (0.57-0.67)	<0.001
I²	-	94.3%	0.0%

Risk of bias Q2_QAREL	Yes (k=2)	No (k=2)	Not clear (k=4)	Test for subgroup differences
IFIS domains	Kappa (95%CI)	Kappa (95%CI)	Kappa (95%CI)	p value
Overall physical fitness	0.67 (0.62-0.72)	0.97 (0.83-0.99)	0.63 (0.41-0.77)	<0.001
I²	8.1%	98.5%	94.8%
Cardiorespiratory fitness	0.63 (0.52-0.72)	0.98 (0.96-0.98)	0.66 (0.43-0.81)	<0.001
I²	72.0%	65.1%	95.8%
Muscle strength	0.62 (0.45-0.75)	0.94 (0.92-0.96)	0.56 (0.32-0.74)	0.022
I²	86.9%	51.1%	94.9%
Speed/agility	0.71 (0.46-0.86)	0.95 (0.73-0.99)	0.64 (0.37-0.81)	0.097
I²	95.3%	98.3%	96.5%
Flexibility	0.61 (0.56-0.66)	0.92 (0.88-0.94)	0.66 (0.52-0.76)	<0.001
I²	0.0%	57.6%	89.3%

IFIS compared to test-retest for physical fitness measurement
Population: children, adolescents, adults and women with fibromyalgia
Context: IFIS application to measure physical fitness
Intervention: IFIS
Comparison: test-retest

Outcomes	Potential absolute effects* (95%CI)		Relative effect (95%CI)	Number of participants (studies)	Certainty of evidence (GRADE)	Comments

	Reliability with test-retest	Reliability with IFIS

Physical fitness as per IFIS Follow-up: 1 week to 2 weeks	-	Kappa 0.8 (0.56-0.92)	-	1,734 (7 observational studies)	⨁ ◯ ◯ ◯Very low^*	-
Cardiorespiratory fitness as per IFIS Follow-up: 1 week to 2 weeks	-	Kappa 0.81 (0.59-0.92)	-	1,734 (7 observational studies)	⨁ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low^*	-
Muscle strength as per IFIS Follow-up: 1 week to 2 weeks	-	Kappa 0.73 (0.53-0.86)	-	1,734 (7 observational studies)	⨁ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low^*	-
Speed/agility as per IFIS Follow-up: 1 week to 2 weeks	-	Kappa: 0.79 (0.57-0.9)	-	1,734 (7 observational studies)	⨁ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low^*	-
Flexibility as per IFIS Follow-up: 1 week to 2 weeks	-	Kappa 0.74 (0.61-0.84)	-	1,734 (7 observational studies)	⨁ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low^*	-

Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701 , 05651-901 São Paulo - SP, Tel.: (55 11) 2151 0904 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@einstein.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author: Ricardo de Freitas-Dias Universidade de Pernambuco Campus Petrolina BR 203, Km 2, s/n., Vila Eduardo Zip code: 56328-903 – Petrolina, PE, Brazil Phone: (55 87) 3866-6468 / 6470 E-mail:ricardo.freitas@upe.br