Abstract
This article was originally presented by Vygotsky in a Conference in 1931 and later turned into a written text with basis on tachygraphic notes. The author focuses on the risks of research and educational programs addressed to children with special needs to focus on biological processes and basic dysfunctions, instead of working with higher psychological functions. His main argument is that compensatory processes and indirect paths may promote development. Such processes and paths are related to the inclusion of children in diversified cultural environments and are susceptible to educational action. For Vygotsky, goals and tasks of special education should be similar to the ones of regular school, that is, to prepare children to face different demands of social life.
Vygotsky; Defectology; Special education; Disability; Compensation; Development; Learning