Vygotsky, in his manuscript Concrete Human Psychology, asserts that the relationship ontogeny-philogeny in cultural development is different from the same relationship in organic development: the human fetus develops itself without an interection with a mature biotype, whereas in cultural development this interaction is the most important force for all development. Thus, this article analysis the relationship between the dialectics present in Vygotsky and in Marx, substantiated in methodological and epistemological reflexion done by Marx on the text whereby he asserts that "the human anatomy is the key for monkey anatomy". The conclusion of this article defends that Vygotsky's psychology supports a pedagogy which one appreciates the conduction of children to learn the highest objective knowledge produce by all mankind.