This text constitutes of an analysis of two theoretical categories considered fundamental for an understanding reading of Vigotski's work: the social and the cultural. The text begins with the 1929 Manuscript, where the author outlines these questions, object of a latter elaboration. The meaning analysis that these categories have for Vigotski is done through the History concept proposed by the author, which shows the matrix that is the reference from his analyses: the historical materialism and dialectics. Analysed these two categories, two questions are discussed after them and that constitutes the central nucleus of the author's work: the social-cultural nature of the high mental functions which according to the author, they are social relationships internalized, and the semiotic mechanism that explains these social relations conversion in functions of the person.
