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Physical characterization of fourteen Brazilian hydrographic basins: proposition of the indicator of the average slope of the rivers and the coefficient of susceptibility to floods

ABSTRACT

The morphometric parameters are highly relevant information for the physical characterization of watersheds. The present study physically characterized 14 southern Brazilian basins, according to 10 morphometric parameters related to the order, shape, characteristics of the drainage system, and slope of the basins, in addition to developing an analysis of their correlations. The methodology consisted of treating the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), provided by the INPE TOPODATA project (2008), with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, complemented with information from the GIS Google Earth. As a result, in addition to the characterization and classification of basins, two new morphometric parameters can be proposed. The first one, called indicator of the average slope of the rivers, demonstrated good performance to simultaneously represent the slope of the basin and the sinuosity coefficient of the rivers, synthetically representing the average slope of all the rivers of the basin. The second was the flood susceptibility coefficient, which represents the set of all spatial characteristics of the basin and its rivers. Results suggest that the latter is an excellent indicator for analyzing the risk of flooding in small- and medium-sized basins. Classification criteria were also proposed for the parameters runoff length, roughness coefficient, axial slope and average slope indicator of rivers, and flood susceptibility coefficient.

Keywords:
morphometry; hydrographic basin; flood

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