This study evaluated the tolerance capacity and the impairment state of the Atibaia River, considering the threat to aquatic life by the presence of Ammonia, which represents one of the main risks to the aquatic communities in the Atibaia River. With this aim, the method Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was applied. The results revealed that the Ammonia loads increased progressively through the Atibaia River, especially due to the point sources. The daily Ammonia loads assumed values that ranged from 30 to 5000 kg NH3. The tolerance capacity of the waters of the Atibaia River, to protect aquatic life against the toxic effects of the Ammonia, has been violated in reaches near its mouth. The impairment of these waters was more intense during the dry season. This study showed that the domestic sewer not treated of an approximate population of 250 thousand inhabitants in the city of Campinas is the main source of Ammonia in the Atibaia River Basin, despite the number of industries present there.
Atibaia River; water quality; point and nonpoint sources; ammonia; CMTD; TMDL
