The Fear of COVID-19 Scale adaptation and validation

FARO, André; SILVA, Luanna dos Santos; SANTOS, Daiane Nunes dos; FEITOSA, Amanda Lima Barros

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202239e200121

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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY • Estud. psicol. 39 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202239e200121 copy

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale adaptation and validation

Adaptação e validação da Escala de Medo da COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to adapt and raise evidences of validity based on the internal structure, on the relationship with other variables, and on the content of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in Brazilian Portuguese. We performed the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the scale, its invariance analysis by gender, and established norms for interpreting the instrument’s scores. Participants were 1,000 adults of both genders. The findings showed all fit indices as satisfactory, confirming the scale’s one-dimensionality and its invariance. Results also demonstrated convergent validity between the FCV-19S and the stress of the subjects. Moreover, the stratification of the intensity of fear (mild, moderate and severe) was determined based on the standardization of scores. We concluded that FCV-19S presents sufficient evidence to support its use to assess the fear of Covid-19S in Brazil.

Keywords
Confirmatory factor analysis; Coronavírus; Health psychology; Norm

Instruções: Abaixo são apresentadas algumas frases a respeito da COVID-19. Leia cada uma delas e assinale um X no número que melhor descreve você, conforme o esquema de respostas abaixo:
Discordo fortemente		Discordo	Nem concordo nem discordo	Concordo	Concordo fortemente
1		2	3	4	5
1	Eu tenho muito medo da COVID-19				1	2	3	4	5
2	Pensar sobre a COVID-19 me deixa desconfortável				1	2	3	4	5
3	Minhas mãos ficam úmidas/frias quando penso na COVID -19				1	2	3	4	5
4	Eu tenho medo de morrer por causa da COVID-19				1	2	3	4	5
5	Eu fico nervoso ou ansioso quando vejo notícias nos jornais e nas redes sociais sobre a COVID-19				1	2	3	4	5
6	Não consigo dormir porque estou preocupado em ser infectado pela COVID-19				1	2	3	4	5
7	Meu coração dispara ou palpita quando penso em ser infectado pela COVID-19				1	2	3	4	5

Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) items		General		Mild (31.8%)		Moderate (38.8%)		Severe (29.4%)		λ
Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) items		M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	λ
1	I am very afraid of COVID-19	3.9	(0.98)	3.0	(0.10)	4.0	(0.64)	4.6	(0.54)		0.655
2	Thinking about COVID-19 makes me uncomfortable	3.8	(0.97)	3.1	(1.05)	4.0	(0.70)	4.5	(0.56)		0.570
3	My hands get cold when I think of COVID-19	2.2	(1.08)	1.3	(0.56)	2.0	(0.68)	3.3	(0.10)		0.714
4	I am afraid of dying because of COVID-19	3.4	(1.23)	2.3	(1.10)	3.5	(0.84)	4.5	(0.67)		0.680
5	I get nervous or anxious when I see news in the newspapers and on social media about COVID-19	3.8	(1.11)	3.0	(1.18)	4.0	(0.71)	4.6	(0.58)		0.624
6	I cannot sleep because I am concerned about being infected with COVID-19	2.2	(1.10)	1.3	(0.50)	2.0	(0.74)	3.3	(0.93)		0.746
7	My heart beats faster or flutters when I think of being infected with COVID-19	2.8	(1.27)	1.6	(0.77)	2.7	(0.87)	4.1	(0.73)		0.814

Percentage	Gross score	T score
5	13	34
10	15	37
15	16	39
20	17	41
25	18	43
30	19	44
33	20	46
35	20	46
40	21	48
45	21	48
50	22	49
55	23	51
60	24	53
65	25	55
66	25	55
70	25	55
75	26	56
80	28	60
85	29	62
90	30	63
95	32	67

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: A. FARO. E-mail: andre.faro.ufs@gmail.com.

Percentage	Gross score	T score
5	13	34
10	15	37
15	16	39
20	17	41
25	18	43
30	19	44
33	20	46
35	20	46
40	21	48
45	21	48
50	22	49
55	23	51
60	24	53
65	25	55
66	25	55
70	25	55
75	26	56
80	28	60
85	29	62
90	30	63
95	32	67

Percentage	Gross score	T score
5	13	34
10	15	37
15	16	39
20	17	41
25	18	43
30	19	44
33	20	46
35	20	46
40	21	48
45	21	48
50	22	49
55	23	51
60	24	53
65	25	55
66	25	55
70	25	55
75	26	56
80	28	60
85	29	62
90	30	63
95	32	67

Percentage	Gross score	T score
5	13	34
10	15	37
15	16	39
20	17	41
25	18	43
30	19	44
33	20	46
35	20	46
40	21	48
45	21	48
50	22	49
55	23	51
60	24	53
65	25	55
66	25	55
70	25	55
75	26	56
80	28	60
85	29	62
90	30	63
95	32	67