Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration: A systematic review of the scientific literature

SILVA, Jonas CARVALHO e; BUCHER-MALUSCHKE, Júlia Sursis Nobre Ferro

doi:10.1590/1982-02752018000200002

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THEMATIC SECTION: MIGRATION AND REFUGE • Estud. psicol. 35 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000200002 copy

Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration: A systematic review of the scientific literature

Psicologia dos Deslocamentos e Migração Forçada: uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Forced displacement is a research field in specific social and cultural contexts. This systematic review aims to identify, describe and analyze the research in Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration published between 2006 and 2016. The databases selected were PsycINFO, Lilacs and SciELO following the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 2009. Content and methodology were assessed by Critical Appraisal Skill Programme. A total of 34 out of 491 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were categorized in a framework that summarizes the main research questions and methodologies, including authors, research questions, units of analysis, dominant theories, and hypotheses. In conclusion, the framework helped to comprehend the general aspects of the existing research and pointed out interdisciplinary tendencies in the studies on this phenomenon.

Keywords
Forced displacement; Migration; Psychology; Review

Authors	Question	Units of analysis	Dominant theories	Hipotheses of the samples
Denov and Blanchet-Cohen (2016)Denov, M., & Blanchet-Cohen, N. (2016). Trajectories of violence and survival: turnings and adaptations in the lives of two war-affected youth living in Canada. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 22(3), 236-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000169 https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000169...	How can experiences in times of war be subjective?	Individuals	Behavioral theories	Power relations at structural, organizational and individual levels.
Power (2016)Power, S. A. (2016). A violent past but a peaceful present: The cultural psychology of an Irish recession. Peace and Conflict. Journal of Peace Psychology, 22(1), 60-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000161 https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000161...	What is migration?	Groups	Cultural studies	It is a legitimized, historical-cultural response to suffering.
Vargas and Toro (2016)Vargas, N. H. D., & Toro, P. L. (2016). Autopercepción de saberes y prácticas sobre educación y desplazamiento forzado en docentes de Cali, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 25(1), 155-173. http://dx. doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v25n1.49971 https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v25n1.49971...	What contributes to the education of the displaced person?	Teachers, parentes and students	Human rights	The process of continuous training of teachers.
Sezgin (2016)Sezgin, U. (2016). Women’s disaster-related mental health: The decision to leave or to stay after an earthquake, Traumatology, 22(1), 40-47.; Valdez et al. (2013)Valdez, C. R., Lewis Valentine, J., & Padilla, B. (2013). “Why we stay”: immigrants’ motivations for remaining in communities impacted by anti-immigration policy. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(3), 279-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033176 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033176...	Why do unauthorized people remain in the community?	Ethnic groups	Migration theories	Family, community and interrelated sociopolitical factors.
Ferreira (2015)Ferreira, A. P. (2015). Migração, rupturas psíquicas e es-paços terapêuticos. Psicologia USP, 26(2), 193-198.	What stimulates psychosis?	Individual	Psychoanalysis	Segregation from social life.
Avendano-Villa et al. (2015)	Which technology helps academic performance?	Teachers, parentes and students	Social construtivism	Prosocial behavior, Information Technology and Communication.
Indursky and Conte (2015)Indursky, A. C., & Conte, B. S. (2015). Trabalho psíquico do exílio: o corpo à prova da transição. Ágora. Estudos em Teoria Psicanalítica, 18(2), 273-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14982015000200008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-1498201500...	What leads to catastrophic symptoms?	Family	Psychoanalysis	Exile.
Shoshani et al. (2015)Shoshani, A., Nakash, O., Zubida, H., Harper, R. A., & Harper, R. A. (2015). School engagemente, acculturation, and mental health among migrant adolescents in Israel. School Psychology Quarterly, .(1), 1-31. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spq0000133 https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000133...	What is the school’s role for the acculturation of migrant adolescents?	Students	Cultural adaptation	Measure the relationships of school development with mental health and risk behaviors.
Sonn et al. (2015)Sonn, C. C., Ivey, G., Baker, A., & Meyer, K. (2015). Post-Apartheid South African immigrants in Australia: Negotiating displacement, identity, and belonging. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 41-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/qup0000039 https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000039...	Which experiences influence identity?	Groups	Ethnic-racial theories	Cultural and psychological dimensions.
Blanco and Amarís (2014)Blanco, A., & Amarís, M. (2014). La ruta psicosocial del desplazamiento: una perspectiva de género. Universitas Psychologica, 13(2), 661-679. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-2.rpdu https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY1...	Who are the greatest victims of displacement?	Women	Feminist theories	Women.
Daure et al. (2014)Daure, I., Reyverand-Coulon, O., & Forzan, S. (2014). Relações familiares e migração: um modelo teórico--clínico em psicologia. Psicologia Clínica, 26(1), 91-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-566520 14000100007 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-5665201400...	What is the consequence of migration for the family?	Families	Sistemic theory	The migratory event causes a certain imbalance in the family system.
Garcia et al. (2014)Garcia, A., Neto, C. B., & Góes, D. C. (2014). Amizades de brasileiros residindo no exterior: adaptação e percepção do país estrangeiro. Psicologia Argumento, 32(79), 141-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/psicol..argum.32.s02.AO13 https://doi.org/10.7213/psicol..argum.32...	How are the friendships of migrants?	Ethnic groups	Cultural adaptation	The friend is a guide and socializing agent in the new environment.
Tummala-Narra (2014)	How does cultural identity develop in victims of violence?	Individual	Psychoanalysis	They are dealt in complex ways in the context of interpersonal violence.
Dandy and Pe-Pua (2013)Dandy, J., & Pe-Pua, R. (2013). Beyond mutual acculturation: Intergroup relations among immigrants, Anglo-Australians, and Indigenous Australians. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 221(4), 232-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000153 https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a00015...	What drives intergroup relations?	Ethnic groups	Ethnic-racial theories	They are complex with stress caused by threats and deprivations.
Brenick et al. (2012)Brenick, A., Titzmann, P. F., Michel, A., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2012). Perceptions of discrimination by young diaspora migrants: Individual- and school-level associations among adolescent ethnic German immigrants. European Psychologist, 17(2), 105-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000118 https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a00011...	Who perceives discrimination better?	Ethnic groups	Ethnic-racial theories	Groups with greater in-group orientation.
Mähönen and Jasinskaja-Lahti (2012)	When does cultural identity develop?		Cultural studies	Post-migration period.
Tuason et al. (2012)Tuason, M. T. G., Güss, C. D., & Carroll, L. (2012). The disaster continues: A qualitative study on the experiences of displace Hurricane Katrina survivors. Professional Psychology. Research & Practice, 43(4), 288-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028054 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028054...	What are the experiences of people displaced by environmental disasters?	Groups	Critical theory	The impact of cultural differences on the survivor's "home” compared to the new place they inhabit.
Shi et al. (2012)Shi, B., Qian, M., Lu, Y., Plucker, J. a., & Lin, C. (2012). The relationship between migration and Chinese children’s divergent thinking. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(2), 106-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028023 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028023...	What is the ratio time in test results?	Students	Personality theories	Children with longer migration times perform better in thinking tests.
Salazar et al. (2011)Salazar, J. A. A., Giraldo, M. P., & Padilla, L. D. T. (2011). Tendencias psicopatológicas en personas desplazadas y re-asentadas en el departamento del quindío entel el 2005 y el 2011. El Ágora USB, 11(2), 279-296.	What influences reactive behaviors?		DSM	Psychopathological trends.
Neto (2010)Neto, F. (2010). Mental health among adolescents from returned Portuguese immigrant families from North America. North American Journal of Psychology, 69(3), 131-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000015 https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a00001...	What contributes to mental health?	Adolescents	Cultural adaptation	Socio-cultural adaptation.
Harlem (2010)Harlem, A. (2010). Exile as a dissociative state: When a self is “lost in transit”. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 27(4), 460-474. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020755 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020755...	What is a dissociative state in exile?	Individuals	Psychoanalysis	Gaps between the versions of dissociated self states from time, physical spaces and relationships.
Mosquera et al. (2010)Mosquera, M. S., Lozano, F. S. F., Gutiérrez, V. F. M., Robayo, M. F., & Leal, J. F. S. (2010). Prevalencia del transtorno de estrés post traumático en población en situación de desplazamiento en la localidade de ciudad Bolívar Bogotá, Colombia, 2007. Psychologia. Avances de La Disciplina, 4(2), 83-97.	Which variables affect the quality of life of patients with PTSD?	Micro/ groups	DSM	Sex, marital status, employment status, education, occupation, time, type and cause of displacement, and self-perception.
Neto (2009)Neto, F. (2009). Predictors of mental health among adolescents from immigrant families in Portugal. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(3), 375-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015831 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015831...	Who has more mental health problems?	Adolescents	Cultural adaptation	Women.
Sacipa et al. (2007)Sacipa, S., Vidales, R., Galindo, L., & Tovar, C. (2007). Psychosocial accompaniment to liberate the suffering associated with the experience of forced displacement. Universitas Psichologica, 60(4), 305-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000255416.55560.D2 https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.000025541...	What is the psychosocial effect on adversity?	Groups	Human rights	Silence is a psychosocial effect of the victims of armed conflict.
Walsh and Shulman (2007)Walsh, S. D., & Shulman, S. (2007). Splits in the self following immigration: An adaptive defense or a pathological reaction? Psychoanalytic Psychology, 24(2), 355-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0736-97 35.24.2.355 https://doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.24.2.3...	What is the meaning of self?	Social status	Psychoanalysis	Experiencing the feelings of the mourning process.
Coutinho and Oliveira (2006)Coutinho, M. P. L., & Oliveira, M. X. (2006). Tendências comportamentais frente à saúde de imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal. Psicologia & Sociedade, 22(3), 548-557.	Which are the implications of the bio-sociodemographic profile?	Ethnic groups	Cultural adaptation	The “systemic invisibility” of FDM compared to other types of migration.

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