Initial psychometric studies of the Emotional Self-Regulation Scale: Adult and child-youth versions

NORONHA, Ana Paula Porto; BAPTISTA, Makilim Nunes; BATISTA, Helder Henrique Viana

doi:10.1590/1982-0275201936e180109

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Psychological Assessment • Estud. psicol. 36 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275201936e180109 copy

Initial psychometric studies of the Emotional Self-Regulation Scale: Adult and child-youth versions

Estudos psicométricos iniciais da Escala de Autorregulação Emocional: versões adulto e infantojuvenil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Emotional self-regulation is the ability to moderate attention and behaviors from different circumstances and events, and is associated to the healthy human adaptation. The present study sought for validity evidences based on the internalstructure of the Adult and the Child-Youth Emotional Self-Regulation Scale and their reliability indices. The adult version was answered by 802 adults and the child-youth one was answered by 600 children and adolescents. The four-factorsolution was the most adequate in both versions. The externalization of aggression (adult version) and experience evaluation (children’s version) factors, and three other factors (appropriate coping strategies, pessimism and paralysis) were foundwith similar nomenclatures in the two scales. The reliability indices ranged between 0.69 and 0.98 (adult version) and 0.91 and 0.95 (child-youth version). In both versions, the factorial loads were higher than 0.50, explaining 62.7% (adultversion) and 64.2% (child version) of the total variance. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature.

Keywords
Emotional states; Psychometrics; Psychological evaluation; Stress; Subjective well-being

Number of factors (Number of items in the final version)	KMO	Bartlett (df)	RMSEA	CFI	RMSR	χ²/df	Explained variance (reliability)	Factorial loads
EARE-AD
1 (41)	0.95	18530.2 (820)	0.06	0.983	0.07	3453.86/779	46.00%	0.51 to 0.80
1 (41)	0.95	18530.2 (820)	0.06	0.983	0.07	3453.86/779	(0.98)	0.51 to 0.80
2 (58)	0.95	26948.9 (1653)	0.04	0.986	0.06	4409.04/1538	48.40%	0.50 to 0.86
2 (58)	0.95	26948.9 (1653)	0.04	0.986	0.06	4409.04/1538	(0.98 and 0.98)	0.50 to 0.86
3 (49)	0.95	23501.4 (1176)	0.05	0.992	0.05	1967.01/1032	55.40%	0.51 to 0.92
3 (49)	0.95	23501.4 (1176)	0.05	0.992	0.05	1967.01/1032	(0.91 to 0.98)	0.51 to 0.92
4 (34)	0.93	15181.9 (561)	0.03	0.994	0.04	618.64/431	62.70%	0.51 to 0.98
4 (34)	0.93	15181.9 (561)	0.03	0.994	0.04	618.64/431	(0.69 to 0.98)	0.51 to 0.98
5 (41)	0.93	18747.7 (820)	0.03	0.996	0.03	741.97/625	64.40%	0.53 to 1.04
5 (41)	0.93	18747.7 (820)	0.03	0.996	0.03	741.97/625	(0.82 to 088)	0.53 to 1.04
EARE-IJ
1 (39)	0.96	12900.0 (741)	0.05	0.988	0.07	2060.88/702	46.80%	0.51 to 0.83
1 (39)	0.96	12900.0 (741)	0.05	0.988	0.07	2060.88/702	(0.99)	0.51 to 0.83
2 (49)	0.95	15512.8 (1176)	0.04	0.989	0.06	2413.14/1079	48.10%	0.51 to 0.79
2 (49)	0.95	15512.8 (1176)	0.04	0.989	0.06	2413.14/1079	(0.96 and 0.99)	0.51 to 0.79
3 (54)	0.95	16822.5 (1431)	0.04	0.990	0.05	2398.66/1272	50.80%	0.51 to 0.79
3 (54)	0.95	16822.5 (1431)	0.04	0.990	0.05	2398.66/1272	(0.94 to 0.99)	0.51 to 0.79
4 (28)	0.92	8265.9 (378)	0.03	0.996	0.03	256.62/272	64.2%	0.52 to 1.01
4 (28)	0.92	8265.9 (378)	0.03	0.996	0.03	256.62/272	(0.91 to 0.95)	0.52 to 1.01
5 (31)	0.92	9361.0 (465)	0.02	0.999	0.03	259.82/320	67.3%	0.52 to 0.99
5 (31)	0.92	9361.0 (465)	0.02	0.999	0.03	259.82/320	(0.56 to 0.91)	0.52 to 0.99

EARE-AD						EARE-IJ
Item	F1	F2	F3	F4	h²	Item	F1	F2	F3	F4	h²
4	0.55	-0.04	0.12	-0.00	0.28	7	-0.02	-0.08	0.11	0.52	0.38
12	0.04	-0.03	0.29	0.55	0.55	11	-0.03	0.04	0.16	0.56	0.46
16	0.69	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.46	12	0.06	0.01	0.11	0.68	0.56
21	0.04	-0.02	0.13	0.60	0.45	13	0.02	-0.06	0.02	0.71	0.52
22	0.04	-0.05	0.37	0.54	0.63	14	0.07	-0.04	0.14	0.58	0.45
27	0.06	-0.01	0.26	0.51	0.47	19	-0.11	-0.03	0.61	0.22	0.67
30	-0.01	0.70	0.12	-0.08	0.55	23	0.01	-0.16	0.02	0.62	0.43
33	0.69	0.06	0.05	-0.04	0.47	26	-0.08	0.13	0.09	0.62	0.50
34	0.65	-0.03	0.06	0.09	0.40	27	-0.06	0.11	0.17	0.62	0.56
37	0.84	-0.02	0.03	-0.01	0.69	31	0.01	0.05	0.66	0.20	0.63
38	0.81	-0.02	0.14	-0.16	0.64	32	0.02	0.07	0.53	0.27	0.52
39	0.85	-0.16	0.06	0.07	0.72	33	0.63	0.14	0.08	0.03	0.42
40	0.87	-0.06	-0.00	0.03	0.77	34	0.71	0.11	0.03	0.08	0.52
41	0.83	0.03	0.02	-0.10	0.70	37	0.73	-0.03	-0.06	-0.09	0.59
44	0.01	0.69	0.05	0.12	0.60	38	0.71	-0.09	0.01	-0.01	0.48
46	-0.05	0.07	0.06	0.79	0.76	39	0.78	0.02	0.02	-0.02	0.60
47	-0.03	-0.00	0.13	0.77	0.74	40	0.76	-0.06	-0.18	-0.06	0.71
51	0.56	-0.00	0.06	-0.05	0.30	41	0.75	-0.03	0.05	0.01	0.52
52	-0.05	0.08	0.60	0.20	0.65	51	0.18	-0.58	0.45	0.09	0.65
53	0.01	0.15	0.86	-0.10	0.78	52	-0.05	-0.06	0.83	0.03	0.78
54	-0.04	0.01	0.90	0.01	0.85	53	0.02	-0.02	1.01	-0.13	0.85
55	-0.00	0.02	0.97	-0.09	0.85	54	0.00	0.06	1.00	-0.13	0.82
56	0.03	-0.13	0.98	-0.01	0.82	55	0.02	0.00	1.00	-0.10	0.87
57	0.07	0.01	0.71	0.20	0.69	56	-0.04	0.09	0.85	-0.01	0.71
58	0.66	0.11	-0.24	0.14	0.53	57	0.19	0.75	0.18	0.05	0.62
60	0.67	0.03	-0.20	0.05	0.56	59	0.24	0.70	0.08	0.00	0.59
61	0.78	-0.02	-0.01	-0.03	0.63	60	0.55	0.09	-0.25	0.07	0.46
63	0.67	0.17	-0.20	-0.10	0.58	63	0.24	-0.68	0.10	0.07	0.48
72	-0.07	0.65	0.06	0.08	0.54
76	0.05	0.70	-0.01	-0.05	0.45
77	0.01	0.64	-0.03	0.00	0.39
78	0.03	0.58	0.11	0.05	0.45
80	0.02	0.53	0.26	-0.06	0.46
83	0.63	0.01	-0.04	0.06	0.40

Factors	Coping Strategies	Externalization of Aggression	Pessimism	Paralysis
EARE-AD
Externalization of Aggression	-0.07	X
Pessimism	-0.32	0.54	X
Paralysis	-0.13	0.44	0.62	X
EARE-IJ
Experience evaluation	0.21	X
Pessimism	-0.35	-0.23	X
Paralysis	-0.14	-0.03	0.65	X

Number of items (Number of factors)	Factor Nomenclature (Number of items)	Factor definition	Factor items	Items with inverted score
EARE-AD
34 (4)	F1- Appropriate coping strategies (15)	Ability to solve problems, to reflect on one’s own feelings and to do other things when experiencing sadness.	1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 34.	-
	F2- Externalization of Aggression (7)	Actions that indicate anger, aggression and irritation with external factors (the world, objects and people), blames other people for what he feels.	7, 15, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33.	7, 15, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33.
	F3- Pessimism (6)	Negative vision of the future, feelings of inferiority when experiencing sadness.	19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.	19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.
	F4- Paralysis (6)	Finding appropriate solutions by experiencing negative emotions or staying paralyzed, continuously thinking about the situation.	2, 4, 5, 6, 16 and 17.	2, 4, 5, 6, 16 and 17.
EARE-IJ
28 (4)	F1- Appropriate coping strategies (8)	Same as the EARE-AD.	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 27.	-
	F2- Experience evaluation (8)	Feeling able to solve problems, and extracting something good when experiencing sadness.	19, 25, 26 and 28.	25 and 26.
	F3- Pessimism (8)	Same as the EARE-AD.	6, 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.	6, 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.
	F4- Paralysis (4)	Same as the EARE-AD.	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9.	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: A.P.P. NORONHA. E-mail: ana.noronha@usf.edu.br.