Environmental and Ecosystem Services, Tree Diversity and Knowledge of Family Farmers

Gomes, Gustavo Crizel; Gomes, João Carlos Costa; Barbieri, Rosa Lia; Miura, Adalberto Koiti; Sousa, Letícia Penno de

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.031416

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Original Article, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 26 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.031416 copy

Environmental and Ecosystem Services, Tree Diversity and Knowledge of Family Farmers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work is to identify environmental and ecosystem services provided by trees from the perception of family farmers in the Serra dos Tapes, southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, addressing the relevance of species for ecosystem sustainability of family farming. Environmental and ecosystem services offered by the tree flora of semi-deciduous submontane forest are presented according to the perception of farmers who use accumulated knowledge for social, cultural and economic reproduction in family farming. Four farmers were selected for their remarkable knowledge related to the agro-ecosystem and the local floristic composition, and they answered semi-structured interviews about 115 native tree species relating them to environmental and ecosystem services. The knowledge of farmers regarding the importance of forest cover for beekeeping, agroforestry system installation, source of biological materials for environmental recovery, conservation of hydric resources and for feeding mammals and birds was evidenced.

Keywords:
ethnobotany; ethno-knowledge; native trees; environmental preservation

	Family	Scientific name	Popular name
1	Adoxaceae	Sambucus australis Cham. & Schlecht.	Sabugueiro
2	Anacardiaceae	Lithrea brasiliensis Marchand	Aroeira-preta
4	Anacardiaceae	Schinus molle L.	Aroeira-piriquita
5	Anacardiaceae	Schinus polygama (Cav.) Cabrera	Pipinha, molho
6	Anacardiaceae	Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.	Aroeira-mansa
8	Annonaceae	Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil.	Araticum
13	Araucariaceae	Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze.	Araucária
14	Arecaceae	Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman	Jerivá
16	Asteraceae	Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho	Cambará
19	Cactaceae	Cereus hildmannianus K. Schum	Tuna
20	Cannabaceae	Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.	Taleira
21	Cannabaceae	Trema micrantha (L.) Blume.	Pau-de-vaca
27	Combretaceae	Terminalia australis Cambess.	Sarandi
28	Ebenaceae	Diospyros inconstans Jacq.	Maria-preta
30	Erythroxylaceae	Erythroxylum argentinum O. E. Schulz.	Cocão
31	Escalloniaceae	Escallonia bifida Link e Otto.	Cana-de-pito
35	Euphorbiaceae	Manihot grahamii Hook.	Mandioca-brava
36	Euphorbiaceae	Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong	Pau-leiteiro, leiteiro
38	Euphorbiaceae	Gymnanthes klotzschiana Müll. Arg.	Branquilho
41	Fabaceae	Bauhinia forficata Link.	Pata-de-vaca
42	Fabaceae	Calliandra tweedii Benth.	Quebra-foice
43	Fabaceae	Erythrina cristagalli L.	Corticeira
47	Fabaceae	Senna corymbosa (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby	Fedegoso
48	Lamiaceae	Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke.	Tarumã-branco
49	Lamiaceae	Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez.	Canela-merda
50	Lauraceae	Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees	Canela-sebo
52	Lauraceae	Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc.	Açoita-cavalo
53	Melastomataceae	Miconia hyemalis A.St.-Hil. & Naudin	Falsa-pixirica
54	Melastomataceae	Miconia pusilliflora (DC.) Naudin	Pixirica
55	Meliaceae	Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.	Canjerana
56	Meliaceae	Cedrela fissilisVell.	Cedro
59	Moraceae	Ficus cestrifolia Schott ex Spreng.	Figueira-folha-fina
60	Moraceae	Ficus luschnathiana (Miq.) Miq.	Figueira-folha-larga
61	Moraceae	Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C. Burger et al.	Chincho
63	Myrtaceae	Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg	Murta
64	Myrtaceae	Campomanesia xanthocarpa O.Berg	Guabiroba
65	Myrtaceae	Eugenia involucrata DC.	Cereja-do-mato
67	Myrtaceae	Eugenia uniflora L.	Pitanga
68	Myrtaceae	Eugenia uruguayensis Cambess.	Cambuí
73	Myrtaceae	Myrcianthes pungens (O.Berg) D. Legrand.	Guabiju
74	Myrtaceae	Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott	Pau-ferro
75	Myrtaceae	Psidium cattleianum Sabine	Araçá
79	Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl.	Pinheiro-manso
82	Primulaceae	Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.	Capororoca
84	Primulaceae	Myrsine umbellata Mart.	Capororoca
85	Quillajaceae	Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. e Tul.) Mart.	Timbaúva
87	Rhamnaceae	Scutia buxifolia Reissek.	Corunilha
92	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.	Coentrilho
93	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.	Teta-de-cadela
94	Salicaceae	Banara parviflora (A. Gray) Benth.	Guaçatunga
96	Salicaceae	Casearia decandra Jacq.	Guaçatumba
97	Salicaceae	Casearia sylvestris Sw.	Bugrinho
98	Salicaceae	Salix humboldtiana Willd	Salso
100	Sapindaceae	Allophylus edulis (A.St.-Hil et al.) Hieron ex Niederl	Chale-chale
101	Sapindaceae	Cupania vernalis Cambess. Radlk.	Camboatá
103	Sapindaceae	Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk.	Camboatá-branco
105	Sapotaceae	Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. e Arn.) Radlk.	Carne-de-vaca
106	Sapotaceae	Pouteria salicifolia (Spreng.) Radlk.	Mata-olho
107	Solanaceae	Solanum mauritianum Scop.	Fumo-bravo
109	Solanaceae	Vassobia breviflora (Sendtn.) Hunz.	Espora-de-galo
114	Verbenaceae	Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.) Moldenke	Tarumã-de-espinho

	Family	Scientific name	Relevance	Related Fauna
1	Adoxaceae	Sambucus australis	M	Turdus spp.
2	Anacardiaceae	Lithrea brasiliensis	H	Pyrrhura frontalis
4	Anacardiaceae	Schinus molle	M	P. frontalis
5	Anacardiaceae	Schinus polygamus	M	Birds (no specific mention)
6	Anacardiaceae	Schinus terebinthifolia	H	Turdus spp., Tangara preciosa
8	Annonaceae	Annona sylvatica	M	Cuniculus paca, Didelphis albiventris,
13	Araucariaceae	Araucaria angustifolia	M	Cyanocorax caeruleus, Myiopsitta monachus , C. paca
14	Arecaceae	Syagrus romanzoffiana	H	Ortalis squamata
19	Cactaceae	Cereus hildmannianus	M	Birds (no specific mention)
20	Cannabaceae	Celtis iguanaea	H	Penelope obscura, O. squamata
21	Cannabaceae	Trema micranta	H	Mimus saturninus, Turdus spp., T. preciosa,
28	Ebenaceae	Diospyros inconstans	H	P. obscura, O. squamata
30	Erythroxylaceae	Erythroxylum argentinum	H	Birds (no specific mention)
38	Euphorbiaceae	Gymnanthes klotzschiana	M	Columbina picui, Zenaida auriculata, Leptotila verreauxi
48	Lamiaceae	Vitex megapotamica	H	P. obscura, O. squamata
49	Lamiaceae	Nectandra megapotamica	M	Birds (no specific mention)
50	Lauraceae	Ocotea puberula	H	P. frontalis
53	Melastomataceae	Miconia hiemalis	H	Birds (no specific mention)
54	Melastomataceae	Miconia pusilliflora	M	Birds (no specific mention)
55	Meliaceae	Cabralea canjerana	M	P. obscura, O. squamata, Ramphastos spp.
59	Moraceae	Ficus cestrifolia	M	Turdus spp., M. monachus,
60	Moraceae	Ficus luschnathiana	H	Chiroptera, D. albiventris, C. paca
61	Moraceae	Sorocea bonplandii	M	P.obscura, O. squamata,
62	Myrtaceae	Acca sellowiana	H	T. preciosa, D. albiventris, Dasypus novemcinctus
63	Myrtaceae	Blepharocalyx salicifolius	H	Amazona pretrei, P. frontalis, P.obscura , O. squamata
64	Myrtaceae	Campomanesia xanthocarpa	M	D. novemcinctus, D. albiventris, Cerdocyon thous, Sphiggurus villosus, P.obscura , O. squamata, C. caeruleus
65	Myrtaceae	Eugenia involucrata	M	P. obscura
67	Myrtaceae	Eugenia uniflora	H	D. novemcinctus, D. albiventris, fish (no specific mention)
73	Myrtaceae	Myrcianthes pungens	H	P.obscura, O. squamata
74	Myrtaceae	Myrrhinium atropurpureum	M	Birds (no specific mention)
75	Myrtaceae	Psidium cattleianum	H	P. obscura, D. novemcinctus
79	Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus lambertii	M	Birds (no specific mention)
82	Primulaceae	Myrsine coriacea	M	P.obscura, O. squamata, Turdus spp.
84	Primulaceae	Myrsine umbellata	H	Turdus sp., P. obscura, O. squamata
92	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum fagara	M	Birds (no specific mention)
97	Salicaceae	Casearia sylvestris	M	T. preciosa, Pipraeidea bonariensis
100	Sapindacea	Allophylus edulis	H	P. obscura, O. squamata, Turdus sp., C. caeruleus, T. preciosa
101	Sapindacea	Cupania vernalis	M	Turdus spp., Rhamdia quelen
109	Solanaceae	Vassobia breviflora	H	P. frontalis
114	Verbenaceae	Citharexylum montevidense	H	P. obscura, O. squamata, C. caeruleus , Patagioenas picazuro, Ramphastos spp., P. frontalis

Medium Relevance for Apis melifera	High relevance for A. melifera	Reported for Apidae meliponini
01 – Sambucus australis	02 – Lithrea brasiliensis	14 – Syagrus romanzoffiana
05 – Schinus polygamus	04 – Schinus molle	30 - Erythroxylum argentinum
16 – Moquiniastrum polymorphum	31 - Escallonia bifida	31 – Escallonia bifida
38 - Gymnanthes klotzschiana	35 – Manihot grahamii	41 – Bauhinia forficata
49 – Nectandra megapotamica	41 – Bauhinia forficata	42 – Calliandra tweedie
53 – Miconia hiemalis	48 – Vitex megapotamica	47 – Senna corymbosa
64 - Campomanesia xanthocarpa	52 – Luehea divaricata	53 – Miconia hiemalis
67 – Eugenia uniflora	93 – Zanthoxylum rhoifolium	67 – Eugenia uniflora
68 – Eugenia uruguayensis		93 – Zanthoxylum rhoifolium
87 – Scutia buxifolia
92 – Zanthoxylum fagara
94 – Banara parviflora
96 – Casearia decandra
103 – Matayba elaeagnoides
105 - Chrysophyllum marginatum

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[1] Gustavo Crizel GomesPrograma de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial e Sistemas Agroindustriais, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Capão Leão, CEP 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brasil e-mail: crizelgomes@gmail.com