Chemical Characteristics of Irrigated Ultisol with Dairy Effluent Dilutions

Costa, Andrezza Grasielly; Alves, Sandra Maria Campos; Batista, Rafael Oliveira; Mendes, Hérick Claudino; Souza, Danilo Isac Maia de

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.055117

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Original Article, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 25 (3) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.055117 copy

Chemical Characteristics of Irrigated Ultisol with Dairy Effluent Dilutions

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to analyze the changes in the chemical attributes of an Ultisol irrigated with different dairy effluent dilutions. The experiment was set up using a randomized block design with five dilutions of dairy effluent (DE) in public water supply (PWS) (T1 - only PWS, T2 - 10% of DE plus PWS, T3 - 20% of DE plus PWS, T4 - 30% of DE plus PWS, and T5 - 40% of DE plus PWS). Soil samples were collected at five depths to quantify the attributes of pH, organic matter (OM), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (ECss). No significant effects of dairy effluent dilutions were found in altering the pH, OM and K⁺ values of the Ultisol after 240 days of application. However, there was a significant increase of P in T4, and of ECss mainly in the 0.10 to 0.20 m layer of T5.

Keywords:
reuse; industrial wastewater; soil quality

Depth (m)	ρ_s	ρ_p	Sa	Si	Cl	pH	ECss	OM	P	K⁺
Depth (m)	g cm^-3	g cm^-3	.......... kg kg^-1 ..........			pH	dS m^-1	g dm^-3	....mg dm^-3....
0 to 0.10	1.81	2.64	0.83	0.09	0.08	6.75	0.59	20.78	35.31	115.04
0.10 to 0.20	1.70	2.44	0.83	0.09	0.08	6.79	0.48	24.46	28.89	92.66
0.20 to 0.30	1.28	2.41	0.81	0.08	0.11	7.08	0.31	14.71	18.93	134.84
0.30 to 0.40	1.96	2.38	0.71	0.12	0.17	7.08	0.18	14.16	11.29	194.22
0.40 to 0.50	1.86	2.45	0.63	0.07	0.30	7.13	0.13	13.24	8.32	184.32
Mean	1.72	2.46	0.76	0.09	0.15	6.97	0.34	17.47	20.55	144.22

Type of fluid	pH	EC (dS m^-1)	BOD₅ ²⁰ (mg L^-1)	PO₄^- (mg L^-1)	K⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	HCO₃^- (mmol_c L^-1)	Cl^- (mmol_c L^-1)
DE	7.80	4.60	1504	39	20.97	15.63	40.00
PWS	8.30	0.62	NP	NP	2.41	4.00	5.20

Treatments	Chemical characteristics of the soil
	pH	ECss⁽ ¹ (1) Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically by the Tukey test at 5% probability; ⁾	OM	P	K
	pH	dS m^-1	g dm^-3	.........mg dm^-3..........
T1	6.68	0.18a	6.84	23.53	155.79
T2	6.74	0.24a	8.23	21.37	186.64
T3	6.90	0.33ab	6.13	24.50	198.57
T4	6.93	0.33ab	5.49	37.41	221.28
T5	6.95	0.59b	8.30	19.41	247.45
Mean	6.84	0.33	6.99	25.24	201.94
CV (%)	3.85	41.97	37.40	49.22	32.64
Standard error	0.118	0.063	1.171	5.556	29.480
Probability	0.4086NS	0.0030 ^* * Significant at 1 and 5% probability by the F test, respectively;	0.3726NS	0.2166NS	0.2828NS
	Probability of the contrasts (Decimal)
Contrast C_{1: T5 Vs (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4)}	0.2786NS	0.0002 ^ and	0.2646N^S	0.2782NS	0.0926NS
Contrast C_{2: T4 Vs (T1 + T2 + T3)}	0.3321NS	0.2206NS	0.2283NS	0.0393*	0.2240NS
Contrast C_{3: T3 Vs (T1 + T2)}	0.1432NS	0.1350NS	0.3417NS	0.7670NS	0.4596NS
Contrast C_{4: T2 Vs T1}	0.7588NS	0.5228NS	0.4174NS	0.7871NS	0.4700NS

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[1] Rafael Oliveira BatistaDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido – UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil e-mail: rafaelbatista@ufersa.edu.br