Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Spontaneous Restoration

Grazziotti, Danielle; Grazziotti, Paulo; Ragonezi, Carla; Silva, Alexandre; Pereira, Israel; Silva, Enilson

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.006916

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Original Article • Floresta Ambient. 24 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.006916 copy

Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Spontaneous Restoration

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on soil microbial activity during spontaneous restoration and the effect of remaining eucalypts on the restoration stage of reserve ranges installed in eucalypt plantations. The studied areas were in the following stages: initial restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts; advanced restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts. Areas of Cerrado, native forest and commercial eucalypt plantation (Eucalypts) were evaluated for reference. Principal component analysis detected the following groups: 1- Cerrado and areas in initial restoration stage with or without eucalypts and areas in advanced restoration stage without eucalypts; 2- areas in advanced restoration stage with eucalypts; 3- native forest; 4- Eucalypts. The restoration areas are at intermediate stage of recovery, slightly superior to the advanced stage. Basal respiration, organic and microbial soil carbon and microbial and metabolic quotients were more similar to those observed in Cerrado than in eucalypt cultivation areas and little influence of the remaining eucalypts plants was observed.

Keywords:
reclamation degraded areas; evaluation of soil quality; revegetation

Contrast^1/	Moisture	MWHC	C_org		qMIC
Contrast^1/	Moisture	MWHC	0-5 cm	5-20 cm	qMIC
Restoration areas vs Cerrado	-145^* * = significant at 5%;	-426^* * = significant at 5%;	-130^ = signifcant at 1%;	-35	2.86^ = signifcant at 1%;
Restoration areas vs Eucalypt	-167^ = signifcant at 1%;	-507^ = signifcant at 1%;	-381^ = signifcant at 1%;	-114^* * = significant at 5%;	2.74^ = signifcant at 1%;
Advanced restoration vs initial	-36	-57	-10	-4	0.38
Remaining eucalypts in restoration areas	27	-17	-2	1	0.2
Remaining eucalypts in initial restoration areas	21	71	1	0	0.15
Remanescentes de eucalipto na regeneração avançada	6	-89	-3	1	0.05

Vegetal cover	Dry season			Rainy season
Vegetal cover	0-5	5-20	Means	0-5	5-20	Means
	------------------------------------- Moisture, g kg^-1 ------------------------------------
Eucalypts	252^1/	248	250*	247	266	257*
Initial restoration with eucalypts	239	216	228*	262	288	275*
Initial restoration without eucalypts	208	206	207*	261	307	284*
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	204	200	202*	278	294	286*
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	191	202	196*	160	242	201*
Cerrado	249	240	245*	266	283	275*
Forest	300	252	276	362	331	346
Means	235	223		262	287
	---------------------- Maximum water holding capacity, g kg^-1 ---------------------
Eucalypts	1200	938	1069*	1518	1375	1447*
Initial restoration with eucalypts	1130	853	992*	1528	1311	1420*
Initial restoration without eucalypts	1023	818	921*	1343	1376	1360*
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	962	806	884*	1443	1334	1389*
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	1110	835	973*	1187	1068	1128*
Cerrado	1165	932	1049*	1482	1550	1516*
Forest	1247	935	1091	1857	1339	1598
Means	1119	874		1480	1336

Vegetal cover	Dry season			Rainy season
Vegetal cover	0-5	5-20	Means	0-5	5-20	Means
	------------------------ Soil organic C (Corg), g kg^-1 de solo -----------------
Eucalypts	143*1/	64	103	121*	36	79
Initial restoration with eucalypts	51*	36*	43	92*	29	61
Initial restoration without eucalypts	50*	36*	43	50*	30	40
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	44*	35*	39	50*	34	42
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	47*	34*	40	45*	29	37
Cerrado	80*	44*	62	73*	32	53
Forest	215	88	152	156	49	103
Means	90	48	69	84	34	59
	--------------- Soil basal respiration (R_basal), mg kg^-1 h^-1 CO₂ -----------------
Eucalypts	5.44	1.23	3.33	4.08	1.59	2.84
Initial restoration with eucalypts	4.54	1.91	3.23	4.85	0.88	2.86
Initial restoration without eucalypts	4.78	1.24	3.01	4.29	0.69	2.49
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	3.47	1.03	2.25	2.06*	0.72	1.39
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	4.84	0.59	2.72	3.92	0.99	2.46
Cerrado	5.04	1.90	3.47	1.79*	1.70	1.74
Forest	4.41	1.36	2.88	3.85	2.02	2.94
Means	4.65	1.32		3.55	1.23
	------------ Soil microbial biomass C (C_mic), mg de C kg^-1 -------------
Eucalypts	533	521	527	280*	121	220
Initial restoration with eucalypts	778	485	631	343*	210	303
Initial restoration without eucalypts	529	512	521	605*	206	445
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	554	657	606	799*	413	665
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	573	625	599	504*	438	517
Cerrado	650	327	489	735*	211	519
Forest	955	459	707	2148	382	1388
Means	653	512		773	283
	---------------- Metabolic quotient (qCO₂), µg CO₂ µg C_mic^-1 dia^-1 ------------------
Eucalypts	0.27	0.06	0.16	0.56	0.30	0.43*
Initial restoration with eucalypts	0.18	0.10	0.14	0.37	0.09	0.23
Initial restoration without eucalypts	0.23	0.06	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.15
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	0.15	0.04	0.09	0.08	0.05	0.06
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	0.21	0.02	0.11	0.17	0.05	0.11
Cerrado	0.20	0.13	0.17	0.05	0.21	0.13
Forest	0.13	0.07	0.10	0.04	0.12	0.08
Means	0.20	0.07		0.20	0.14
	--------------------------- Soil microbial quotient (qMIC), % --------------------------------
Eucalypts	0.37	1.22	0.79	0.22	0.39	0.31*
Initial restoration with eucalypts	1.57	1.35	1.46*	0.38	0.71	0.55
Initial restoration without eucalypts	1.08	1.54	1.31*	1.19	0.68	0.94
Advanced restoration with eucalypts	1.31	1.89	1.60*	1.67	1.25	1.46
Advanced restoration without eucalypts	1.22	1.88	1.55*	1.14	1.54	1.34
Cerrado	0.79	0.74	0.76	1.02	0.62	0.82
Forest	0.44	0.53	0.49	1.46	0.91	1.18
Means	0.97	1.31	1.14	1.01	0.87	0.94

Contrast^1/	Moisture		MWHC	R_basal		C_mic		qCO₂	C_org		qMIC
Contrast^1/	0-5	5-20	MWHC	0-5	5-20	0-5	5-20	qCO₂	0-5	5-20	qMIC
Restoration areas vs Cerrado	-104	-1	-767	7.95^ = signifcant at 1%;	-3.52	-690	423	0.03	-56	-6	1.01
Restoration areas vs Eucalypt	-28	68	-491	-1.20	-3.09	1131^* * = significant at 5%;	784	-1.17^ = signifcant at 1%;	-249^ = signifcant at 1%;	-21	3.05^ = signifcant at 1%;
Advanced restoration vs initial	-84	-59	-263	-3.17^* * = significant at 5%;	0.15	354	436*	-0.21	-48^* * = significant at 5%;	4	1.31^ = signifcant at 1%;
Remaining eucalypts in restoration areas	119^* * = significant at 5%;	34	321	-1.30	-0.09	33	-21	0.03	48^* * = significant at 5%;	5	-0.27
Remaining eucalypts in initial restoration areas	1	-19	60	0.56	0.18	-262	4	0.08	43^ = signifcant at 1%;	0	-0.39
Remanescentes de eucalipto na regeneração avançada	118^ = signifcant at 1%;	52	261^* * = significant at 5%;	-1.86^* * = significant at 5%;	-0.27	295	-25	-0.05	5	5	0.12

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[1] *Paulo Grazziotti Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, 5000, Alto da Jacuba, CEP 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brasil e-mail: grazziot@yahoo.com.br