Comunidades da Fauna do Solo e Atributos Edáficos sob Agroflorestas em Paraty, RJ

Silva, Miguel Seabra Corrêa da; Correia, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes; Silva, Eliane Maria Ribeiro da; Maddock, John Edmund Lewis; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Silva, Cristiane Figueira da

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.059813

Miguel Seabra Corrêa da Silva

Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Ação Comunitária – IDACO, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil

Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica/RJ, Brasil

Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica/RJ, Brasil

John Edmund Lewis Maddock

Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Niterói/RJ, Brasil

Marcos Gervasio Pereira

Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica/RJ, Brasil

Cristiane Figueira da Silva

Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica/RJ, Brasil

Marcos Gervasio Pereira Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Campus Universitário, Zona Rural, CEP 23897-900, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil e-mail: gervasio@ufrrj.br

Figuras (4)
Tabelas (3)

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Figure 1
Abundance of fauna (individuals per m²) in the litter fall and soil under agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), cassava monoculture (CAS), and secondary forest (SF) during the winter (a) and summer (b). Same letters represent statistically similar areas in the same season (Total = soil + litter fall), whereas, an asterisk represents a significant difference in the mean of each treatment (Total = soil + litterfall) in relation to the previous season; (*+) means an increase and (*–) means a decrease.

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Figure 2
Principal components analysis of the abundance of taxonomic groups of soil fauna and study areas (agroforestry systems - AFS-1 and AFS-2, cassava monoculture – CAS and secondary forest -SF) during the winter (a) and summer (b). Formicidae – Form (ants), Blattodea – Blat, Diplopoda – Diplo, Diplura – Diplu, Enchytraeidae – Enc, Gastropoda – Gast, Isopoda – Isopo, Orthoptera – Ort, Pauropoda – Pau, Psocoptera – Pso, Symphyla – Sy, Thysanoptera - Thy, Heteroptera – Het, Homoptera – Homo, Coleoptera - Col, Diptera - Dip, Lepidoptera – Lep, Trichoptera – Tri, larvae (Coleoptera – L Col, Diptera – L Dip, Lepidoptera – L Lep and Trichoptera – L Tri), Araneae – Ara, Chilopoda – Chi, Hymenoptera – Hym, Isoptera – Isopt, Collembola – Coll.

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Figure 3
Principal response curves (PRC) of agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2) and the cassava monoculture (CAS) according to soil fauna groups, compared to a secondary forest (SF). Cdt = discriminant coefficient.

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Figure 4
Direct redundancy analysis showing the canonical fauna ordering of soil samples from two agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), secondary forest (SF) and cassava monoculture (CAS) in relation to chemical and microbiological variables of the soil during the winter (a) and summer (b). Taxon. G. = taxonomic group, Fert = fertility, Mic ind = microbiological indicators. Formicidae - Form (ants), Blattodea - Blat, Diplopoda - Diplo, Diplura - Diplu, Enchytraeidae - Enc, Gastropoda - Gast, Isopoda - Isopo, Orthoptera - Ort, Pauropoda - Pau, Psocoptera - Pso, Symphyla – Sy, Thysanoptera - Thy, Heteroptera – Het, Homoptera - Homo, Coleoptera - Col, Diptera - Dip, Lepidoptera – Lep, Trichoptera - Tri, larvae (Coleoptera – L Col, Diptera – L Dip, Lepidoptera – L Lep and Trichoptera – L Tri), Araneae – Ara, Chilopoda - Chi, Hymenoptera – Hym, Isoptera - Isopt.

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Table 1
Chemical and microbiological characterization^* * Adapted from Silva et al. (2012b). of the soil layer at 0-10 cm under agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), cassava monoculture (CAS), and secondary forest (SF) during the winter (W) and summer (S). Se= season; C: total organic carbon; OM: organic matter.

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Table 2
Abundance of soil fauna (individuals per m²) classified by functional group under agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), cassava monoculture (CAS), and secondary forest (FS) in two seasons (summer – S; winter – W).

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Table 3
Shannon diversity (H’), species richness, and Pielou evenness (J) calculated for the soil fauna under two agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), cassava monoculture (CAS), and secondary forest (SF) in two seasons (winter and summer).

		AFS 1		AFS 2		CAS		SF
		W	S	W	S	W	S	W	S
C	(g kg^-1)	26.5	26.9	20.5	24.1	25.5	30.6	29.1	44.0
OM	(g kg^-1)	45.84	46.54	35.46	41.69	44.11	52.94	50.34	76.12
N	(g kg^-1)	3.3	3.3	2.4	2.7	3.2	3.7	3.8	5.9
pH		5.6	5.0	5.4	5.1	5.2	4.8	4.9	4.5
Al	(cmol_c dm^-3)	0.07	0.48	0.33	0.44	1.03	0.96	1.60	1.02
Ca	(cmol_c dm^-3)	3.70	2.70	1.80	2.24	1.70	1.76	1.70	3.24
Mg	(cmol_c dm^-3)	1.53	1.04	1.30	1.14	1.43	1.04	1.17	1.72
P	(mg dm^-3)	11.0	7.0	6.3	7.0	7.6	11.0	8.3	15.0
K	(mg dm^-3)	267	51	73	43	88	152	110	91
SMB-C	(μg g^–1)	282	254	307	241	233	160	357	472
SR	(μg C-CO2 g^–1 h^–1)	0.96	1.32	1.01	1.23	0.47	0.86	1.15	3.95
qCO₂	(mg C-BMS h^–1)	3.4	5.2	3.3	5.1	2.0	5.4	3.2	8.4
C-mic	(%)	1.06	0.94	1.50	1.01	0.91	0.52	1.23	1.10

Areas	Se	Micro	Ants	Sapro	Phyto	Holo	Larvae	Preda	Para	Termites
AFS-1	W	1398bA	294bB	99bA	22abB	51bA	13aA	0aB	0aA	0aA
	S	1661bA	1651abA	198aA	570aA	499aA	109aA	16aA	10abA	3aA
AFS-2	W	3222aA	621bA	253aA	61aA	112abA	38aA	6aA	3aA	3aA
	S	1283bB	797bA	221aA	144bA	77aB	42aA	10aA	3abA	3aA
CAS	W	1066bA	202bA	86bA	6bA	38bA	48aA	0aB	0aA	3aA
	S	746bA	435bA	90aA	51bA	58aA	16aA	10aA	0bA	0aA
SF	W	1485bB	1174aB	77bA	26abB	195aA	125aA	10aA	3aB	0aA
	S	2826aA	2848aA	426aA	198abA	368aA	99aA	32aA	19aA	0aA
Total		13686	8022	1450	1078	1398	490	83	38	12

Areas	Season	H’	Richness	J
AFS-1	Winter	1.42 aB	16 abB	0.51 abA
	Summer	2.30 aA	20 aA	0.77 aA
AFS-2	Winter	1.47 aB	21 aA	0.48 bB
	Summer	2.33 aA	22 aA	0.75 aA
CAS	Winter	1.58 aA	13 bA	0.62 aA
	Summer	1.97 aA	15 bA	0.73 aA
SF	Winter	1.82 aA	19 abB	0.62 abA
	Summer	1.93 aA	22 aA	0.62 aA

[1] Marcos Gervasio Pereira Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Campus Universitário, Zona Rural, CEP 23897-900, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil e-mail: gervasio@ufrrj.br

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Comunidades da Fauna do Solo e Atributos Edáficos sob Agroflorestas em Paraty, RJ

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