HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION DUE TO THE USE OF RESIDUES IN SOILS CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE

Ramalho, Jair Felipe Garcia Pereira; Amaral Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil do

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Sumário

Artigo Original • Floresta Ambient. 08 (1) • Jan-Dec 2001 •

HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION DUE TO THE USE OF RESIDUES IN SOILS CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Samples of soils treated with sugarcane’s industrial residues (vinasse and filter cake) and their respective control areas at Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, were analysed for total contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in 1995. The results showed that the use of vinasse for more than 15 years in volumes of 300 m³ ha^{- 1} .year^-1, did not increase the concentrations of the heavy metals in the Entisol and Inceptisol soils. The Inceptisol that received filter cake had the concentrations of all heavy metals increased significantly, with the exception of Zn and Mn. Even though the heavy metals concentrations were higher in this treatment the sequential extraction showed that these elements were present in an unlabile form in the soil.

Key words
Sugarcane; vinasse; filter cake.

Profund.	pH	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	_H(5)	Na	CT
cm		--mg kg^-1--		cmolc kg^-1 gley pouco húmico ⁽¹⁾
0-5	5,3	25	408	4,0	4,1	0,2	2,0	0,51	51,6
5-10	5,3	17	368	4,3	4,2	0,1	2,7	0,51	48,6
10-20	5,2	23	352	4,6	4,2	0,2	3,6	0,56	48,3
20-30	4,9	48	510	5,5	3,8	0,3	4,4	0,51	65,5
						gley pouco húmico ⁽²⁾
0-5	5,7	8	50	3,2	4,4	0,1	2,0	0,66	15,4
5-10	5,8	31	71	4,2	4,4	0,1	2,6	0,40	18,8
10-20	5,8	57	176	5,3	4,6	0,1	3,1	0,24	30,9
20-30	6,0	77	456	5,7	4,3	0,1	2,9	0,20	58,8
						cambissolo ⁽³⁾
0-5	6,1	13	264	3,8	2,1	0,1	2,9	0,05	35,3
5-10	6,3	18	170	4,4	2,1	0,1	2,8	0,04	26,4
10-20	6,2	17	85	4,4	2,1	0,1	3,0	0,05	18,
20-30	5,9	22	45	3,8	2,1	0,1	2,4	0,06	12,9
cambissolo ⁽⁴⁾

Profund.	pH	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	_H(3)	Na	C
cm		--mg kg^-1--		cmolc kg^-1
						Cambissolo ⁽¹⁾
0-5	6,5	72	204	5,3	2,0	0,1	2,3	0,06	30
5-10	6,6	92	138	6,1	2,0	0,1	2,5	0,07	24
10-20	6,7	104	88	6,2	2,0	0,1	2,2	0,08	17
20-30	6,7	56	55	5,7	1,9	0,0	2,8	0,08	15
						Cambissolo ⁽²⁾
0-5	6,4	315	360	5,3	1,9	0,1	2,9	0,06	46
5-10	6,4	112	184	4,3	1,4	0,1	2,2	0,05	26
10-20	6,3	46	113	3,6	1,3	0,1	2,6	0,05	18
20-30	6,0	8	69	3,4	1,5	0,1	2,5	0,07	14

							METAIS PESADOS
Prof.		Zn		Cd	Mn		Pb			Co
-cm-								mg kg ^-1 gley pouco húmico⁽¹⁾
	Vinhaça	AC	Vinhaça	AC	Vinhaça	AC	Vinhaça	AC	Vinhaça	AC	Vinhaça
0-5	108a ^{^} A ^{^*}	98,4bcB	1,83aA	1,83aA	368,5aA	354,7aA	51,6aA	46,1aB	36,2aA	39,5aA	27,5bA
5-10	106,4bA	95,8cB	1,83aA	1,50bA	354,7aA	352,0aA	51,0aA	43,0aB	37,1aA	34,2bA	26,0bA
10-20	106,5bA	109,4abA	1,91aA	1,75abA	357,5aB	539,0bA	51,0aA	47,7aA	36,9aA	35,1bA	26,0bA
20-30	118,5aA	114,0aA	1,83aA	1,75abA	313,5aB	547,2bA	47,7aA	47,0aA	37,0aA	35,2bA	32,0aA
								cambissolo⁽²⁾
0-5	125,9aA	104,8aA	2,0aA	2,0aA	1322aA	1210aA	49,5aA	53,2aA	47,4aA	32,2aB	25,0aB
5-10	123,0aA	102,9aA	1,83aA	1,75aA	1452aA	1031abB	51,3aA	46,2aA	45,0aA	30,7aB	27,2aA
10-20	112,8aA	106,6aA	1,66aA	1,91aA	1413aA	1196aB	50,2aA	49,6aA	42,4aA	37,4aA	26,2aA
20-30	102,2aA	102,5aA	1,83aA	1,83aA	1190aA	899bB	49,4aA	48,7aA	42,7aA	35,9aA	27,5aA

Prof.	METAIS PESADOS
Prof.	Zn		Cd		Mn		Pb		Co
-cm-
	Torta	AC	Torta	AC	Torta	AC	Torta	AC Torta		AC	Torta
0-5	122,4aA	101,4aA	1,66a^{^}A^{^ *}	0,75bB	1091aA	902aA	63,0aA	35,9abB	34,5bA	25,5bB	30,2aA
5-10	128,5aA	100,4aA	1,58aA	1,16aB	1215aA	871aA	49,5bA	35,0bB	38,2abA	26,6bB	31,7aA
10-20	134,1aA	103,3aA	1,50aA	1,08abB	1116aA	915aA	56,5abA	37,0abB	39,2abA	31,5aB	30,5aA
20-30	118,0aA	96,9aA	1,66aA	1,25aB	1179aA	794aA	57,5abA	46,0aA	40,4aA	35,5aB	32,0aA


Metal Pesado	Profundidade	Hidrossolúvel	Trocável	Óx. Mn
-----cm----- ---------------------------------------------mg kg^-1---
Zn	0-5	<0,001	0,62	30,18
	5-10	<0,001	0,43	30,56
	10-20	<0,001	0,56	21,5
	20-30	<0,001	0,37	17,5
Cd	0-5	<0,002	<0,002	0,15
	5-10	<0,002	<0,002	0,15
	10-20	<0,002	<0,002	0,15
	20-30	<0,002	<0,002	0,15
Mn	0-5	3,36	23,50	746,12
	5-10	2,50	15,86	784,95
	10-20	3,65	20,12	707,62
	20-30	3,36	21,50	605,25
Pb	0-5	<0,001	<0,001	4,37
	5-10	<0,001	<0,001	3,12
	10-20	<0,001	<0,001	3,12
	20-30	<0,001	<0,001	3,75
Co	0-5	<0,007	<0,007	7,50
	5-10	<0,007	<0,007	8,12
	10-20	<0,007	<0,007	6,25
	20-30	<0,007	<0,007	7,81
Cr	0-5	<0,001	<0,001	<0,001

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
- gley pouco húmico antiga lagoa de decantação de vinhaça;

[TFN2] ⁽²⁾
- gley pouco húmico área controle

[TFN3] ⁽³⁾
- cambissolo fertirrigado com vinhaça;

[TFN4] ⁽⁴⁾
- Cambissolo área controle;

[TFN5] ⁽⁵⁾
- Ca₄(oAc)₂ 7,0