Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the use of controlled-release fertilizer in the production and quality of Acacia mangium seedlings, this experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, and treatments consisted of five levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg m–3 of substrate) of Osmocote Plus® in six replicates. After 130 days of sowing, the production and quality variables of Acacia seedlings were analyzed. All production and quality variables, height/shoot ratio (HSH) and Dickson quality index (DQI) were influenced by the fertilizer doses. The greatest mean values of stem diameter, total height, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, the best HSH and the highest DQI, were obtained for doses ranging from 7.1 to 7.8 kg m–3 of substrate. The largest leaf area was obtained using a dose of 9.3 kg m–3 of substrate.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Fungi of the genus Aspergillus may promote damage to the physiological quality of forest seeds, and plant extracts have been used to control microflora associated with these seeds. Thus, the aim of the present work was to perform the phytochemical characterization of ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from Eugenia dysenterica leaves (cagaita), as well as to evaluate the effect of these extracts on the development of Aspergillus sp. isolated from Hymenaea stigonocarpa seeds (jatobá-do-cerrado). For this, qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out and their effect on Aspergillus sp mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination was evaluated. As a result, phenols, hydrolysable tannins, flavonols, flavanones, xanthones, flavones, free steroids and saponins were found in both extracts, which could be used in the search for new antifungal compounds in the treatment of stored forest seeds, since extracts have secondary compounds that allow inhibiting Aspergillus sp mycelial growth.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT In this work, bamboo chips (Dendrocalamus asper) were crushed according to four particle size classes (A = -35+40 mesh; B = -40+48 mesh; C = -48+60 mesh; D = -60+65 mesh) to produce particleboards with four different compositions (100%A; 75%A + 25% B; 50%A + 50%B; 25%A + 25%B + 25%C + 25%D). Each composition was considered a treatment. The aim was to verify the effect on the physical and mechanical properties of panels. The test methods and requirements to evaluate the properties were based on NBR 14810 Brazilian standard. The results showed that the particle size used in compositions showen no significant effect on moisture content, density, thickness swelling (24 hours), internal bonding or resistance to screw withdrawal (face and side) of panels. Significant effects were verified on water absorption (2 and 24 hours), thickness swelling (2 hours), MOR and MOE to static bending.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of age, site, and density factors on the dynamics of eucalyptus diameter distribution. Data were obtained from a continuous forest inventory measured at different occasions, stratified according to the factors evaluated and adjusted by the three-parameter Weibull function using nonthinned clonal plots of eucalyptus stands located in the Central region of the state of Minas Gerais. In order to evaluate the diameter distribution behavior, asymmetry and kurtosis measures and graphical analysis for fitted curves were used. In general, an increase was observed in diameter amplitudes with aging, as well as with improvement of site productivity and higher densities. The number of trees decreased in the lower classes and increased in the upper classes, resulting in diameter distribution curves, being displaced to the right and flattened with aging.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Vegetative propagation by live cuttings is an alternative to reproduce native plants with the potential to be used in restoration of riparian forests and degraded areas. This propagation capacity is intrinsic to each species and is influenced by several factors, particularly the time of the year when cuttings are collected. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the season of the year on the vegetative propagation of live cuttings for the species Allamanda cathartica, Cephalanthus glabratus, Escallonia bifida, Ludwigia elegans, Sambucus australis, Sesbania virgata and Terminalia australis . The experiment was conducted at the Soil Bioengineering Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria during two periods of the year (autumn/winter and late winter/spring). All species presented vegetative propagation capacity ranging from 23.3% to 100%, and the species generally showed better results in late winter/spring.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the floristic composition and density of a seed bank transposed from a Seasonal Forest fragment in Rio Grande do Sul. The seed bank of the (BSI) fragment center and edge (BSII) of another forest fragment was also evaluated, both at medium to advanced successional stages. The seed bank was deposited in Brown-Gray Argisol and Red Argisol using exposed soil plots as control. ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p<0.05) were used to compare treatments for density and species richness. The density of individuals did not differ between treatments. Species richness was higher for BSI and BSII treatments in relation to control. The floristic composition presented different life forms, but was mainly composed of herbaceous species. It was concluded that the seed bank from the two donor areas contributed to the expansion of species richness in two soil types.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish submitted to different planting spacing and growth modelling based on the diameter and crown area projection, as well as to identify the best management strategy to be applied to control the competition, period and intensity of thinning. The evaluated planting spacings were: 1.5 × 1.5 m; 1.5 × 2.0 m; 1.5 × 2.5 m and 1.5 × 3.0 m. Diametric growth modelling in function of the age and crown area projection according to the mixed models methodology was efficient and the individual tree modelling allowed for defining a correct thinning prescription for tree plantations in relation to the percentage of removal needed at each spacing, thus permitting the trees to grow free from competition and produce trees with larger diameters.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT A wide range of materials for the development of new products can be obtained from natural resources. Good examples of these materials are lignocellulosic wastes, which are a good alternative for the production of particleboards. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using cotton wastes in association to eucalyptus particles in the production of particleboards. Cotton waste proportions used were 0, 10, 20 and 30%. Urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive was applied at 12%, based on dry the weight of particles. Physical and mechanical tests were performed in order to evaluate panels. Water Absorption (2 and 24 h) and Internal Bond (IB) showed not significant effect with increased percentage of cotton waste. Thickness Swelling (2 and 24 h) of particleboards increased with increased percentage of waste material. The Modulus of Elasticity for cotton waste particleboards ranged from 726.47 ± 99.98 to 205.12 ± 66.24 MPa, while the Modulus of Rupture ranged from 8.63 ± 1.39 to 3.87 ± 0.75 MPa. According to results, cotton wastes could be added to particleboards up to the percentage of 9%, being indicated for the manufacture of some types of furniture such as doors and sides.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Productivity in clonal eucalyptus plantations depends on the genetic material and on the demand and cycling of nutrients, making studies that evaluate these requirements necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management (with and without thinning) on ​​the deposition, chemical composition and nutrient contribution in litter at different clonal or stallion eucalyptus plantations. The experiment was conducted under a subdivided plot design for comparison of “clone” and “thinning” treatments. Plots were composed of eight different clonal and eucalyptus seed plantations, with subplots being areas where thinning was performed and areas without thinning. Litter deposition pattern associated to seasons was observed, with higher values ​​in the spring and summer. The leaf fraction was more representative in relation to nutrients. Deposition values ​​were close in most plantations. Nutritional contents were higher in leaves of areas with thinning in relation to the other areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Erythrina crista-galli is a native tree from South America with an important role on pharmaceutical studies. The objective of this study was to model the ancient and current ecological niches distribution of E. crista-galli in South America, contributing to the discussion about species management and conservation. A reduction in the potential area of species occurrence was detected by comparing past and present distribution. Based on the obtained results, it is expected that this species tends to expand its frontiers if the natural dynamic of the extant populations is guaranteed in southern South America. Therefore, management and conservation of E. crista-galli should focus on allowing the expansion of native forest formations where this species occurs. Additionally, further studies on the medicinal properties of the species may valorize and promote a higher interest in rational exploitation and conservation of E. crista-galli in its natural environment.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Annona crassiflora Mart. presents medicinal and food potential, and is also used in the recovery of degraded areas, however, little is known about its nutritional requirements. The aim of this work was to analyze the initial growth of A. crassiflora submitted to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conducted with a complete randomized block design with four replicates, each consisting of five nitrogen and potassium doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3). Results were submitted to regression analysis. The species showed significant response for nitrogen fertilization regarding biometric variables, biomass, DQI and nutritional contents at doses of 100 to 200 mg dm-3. On the other hand, potassium only influenced DQI, nutritional content and accumulation of A. crassiflora seedlings.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival and development of Butia lallemantii seedlings collected in situ. Seedlings were collected in Alegrete/RS, classified into four stipe diameter classes (SDC) and transplanted into polyethylene bags (2 L) filled with soil-based substrate, animal waste and rice husks. Evaluations were performed at four and eight months assessing survival, and leaf and root aspects after transplanting. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with at least 50 plants per class. The results showed high survival rates for plants with larger stipe diameters, in addition to leaf emission, number of tillers, mature leaves, new roots and during decomposition. High number of new leaves was observed for SDC 2 and 3 (four months) and SDC 2, 3 and 4 (eight months). Therefore, greater survival and emission of vegetative structures were observed, especially in plants with higher diameter.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of fertilization, spatial arrangement and age on the biomass production in eucalyptus. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replicates. Overall, 15 fertilizations adopted by forest companies in plots were evaluated, and two arrangements, 3.0 x 3.0 m and 6.0 x 1.5 m, were tested in subplots. Diameter at 1.30 m and total height were measured at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after planting to estimate trunk biomass. Dependence between commercial fertilization and arrangement were observed for trunk biomass. The biomass production rate in treatments where higher amounts of nutrients were applied decreased from the second year. The 3.0 x 3.0 m arrangement proved to be the most attractive option at 60 months using treatment with 2000 kg of agrosilicon, 400 kg of reactive phosphate, 130 kg of 04:26:16 + 0.5% Cu + 0.5% Zn and 150 kg of KCl + 1% B.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Selective logging activities are commonly observed in the Brazilian Amazon and are responsible for high forest impact. In this study, selective logging detection techniques and the spatiotemporal extension of forests impacted by logging activities between 2003 and 2014 in portions of the states of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia were assessed using remotely sensing data. Based on results obtained, it was estimated that the overall accuracies are greater than 91% for techniques applied to detect forests impacted by selective logging in the study areas. Forests impacted by selective logging increased in Western state of Mato Grosso and Northern state of Rondônia, which indicates a stage high forest activity in these regions. In contrast, in Eastern state of Pará, a decrease in forests impacted by logging activities was observed, which indicates collapsed stage of logging activities resulting from deforestation and predatory logging in that region.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Housing deficit is a problem that affects low-income populations in Brazil, with over 6 million families affected nationwide and approximately 631 thousand in the North region of the country. Ordinance no. 318/2014 of the Brazilian Ministry of Cities authorized the construction of popular housing using timber as raw material in that region. The objective of this study was to establish the unit cost of a wooden dwelling, referenced in the project Popular Wooden Housing (PWH) developed by the Laboratory of Forest Products and the University of Brasília (UNB) for the National Rural Housing Program (NRHP). The Basic Unit Cost (BUC/m2 ) methodology was used, with collection of prices in Rio Branco, capital of the state of Acre, for composition of the Final Unit Cost (FCU/m2) of a wood construction. Mean cost of R$ 934.52/m2 was observed from September 2015 to April 2016. Feasibility of wood construction was demonstrated by a final cost per m2 28.06% lower than that of a conventional masonry house.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Pteridium aquilinum is an invasive species that stands out for its aggressiveness, invading pastures, agricultural areas and forests. In order to improve this situation, several techniques have been tested, although not common to tropical climate areas. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of eleven tree species according to their density, planting model, and way of bracken removal, in the restoration of an Atlantic Forest area invaded by the species after a fire. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (planting × density × bracken removal methods). Bracken cover and survival were evaluated nine months after planting. In conclusion, more densified plantations with fast-growing species, together with bracken removal by harrowing, were more effective in establishing the species in bracken-dominated areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The quantification and transfer of nutrient stock among compartments in the forest environment is the key to understanding the nutrient cycling process. The aim of this study was to quantify the nutrient stock and dynamics by litter deposition in a Corymbia citriodora settlement in the Mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Different plant parts, deciduous material and litter were chemically analyzed for nutrients. The biomass of trees was 127.23 Mg ha-1, making up about 85.8% of the nutrient stock. On average, the nutrient flux represented 13.6% of nutrients stored in the biomass above the soil. The nutrient cycling process involving N, P, K Ca, and Mg in the long-rotation Corymbia citriodora crop represents an important strategy for maintaining productivity of the forest site.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to technically evaluate loading and unloading with different wood lengths . Data used were obtained from log harvesting areas of a forestry company in southern Brazil, on operations with loblolly pine logs. The study addressed the analysis of time and motion, being divided into loading, unloading, mooring and unmooring. Four treatments with different log lengths, number of safety straps and number of sampled vehicles were analyzed. Analysis of variance and Tukey test were used to evaluate differences among treatments. Loading and unloading productivity increase of 114% and 92% was observed, respectively, when log length increased from 2.4 m to 7 m. When log length increased, productivity and yield of hours/work also increased. Loading was negatively influenced by the environment where the activity was carried out.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Vegetation fragments located in urban perimeters provide better environmental conditions for biological diversity and human well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Vegetation Coverage Index (VCI) of the urban perimeter of Erechim, RS, between years 2010 and 2015. Mapping was carried out using World View 2 and Pleiades satellites images with spatial resolution of 0.5 m. Significant difference was found between VCI values of 2010 and 2015, as well as a decrease in the recommended rate in the range of 30% per neighborhood. Due to the influence of increased urbanization, there was reduction of 229.98 hectares in the vegetation coverage area of the urban perimeter during the study period. The expansion of urban areas reduced vegetation fragments and has contributed in an effective manner to the disordered occupation of the city, generating negative impacts to the environment and to the quality of life of the local population.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The soil seed bank is an important natural regeneration strategy for plant communities and can determine floristic composition after disturbances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seed bank richness and abundance at different soil depths and under different light conditions in a dry forest. Litter and soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm and submitted to two light conditions (light and shady). In total, 1,725 individuals from 85 species and 19 families emerged. Significant differences in richness between soil depths were observed, being greater at 0-5 cm, while abundance was similar. There were no variations in richness or abundance of germinated seeds between light conditions. Malvaceae and Verbenaceae families were the most representative in this study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Cerrado, a global biodiversity hotspot, has been widely converted by agricultural expansion and pasture establishment. As a result of these activities, several plant species have experienced population declines such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense ). We analyzed the feasibility of economic use of C. brasiliense based on population structure and fruit productivity. The average fruit production was high and significantly different between 2013 (515 fruits ind-1) and 2014 (344 fruits ind-1) (t = 2.32, p < 0.01), with 33% less fruit production in 2014. The canopy area (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.05) was the only population parameter related to productivity (2013). One hectare may yield an average of one ton of complete fruits, which is equivalent to up to 16 liters of pulp oil. The family income obtained with oil pulp sale could up to R$ 1,080 (US$ 327). We support the hypothesis that high pequi fruit productivity makes the extraction of this resource viable, especially for giant earthworm extractors.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The heterogeneous behavior of wood during drying is a process difficult to control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the neuro-fuzzy hybrid system for monitoring wood moisture during drying. Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis samples (2 x 2 x 4 cm) were saturated and dried in climatic chamber for 15 days. Basic density was determined by the dry mass/saturated volume ratio. Two neuro-fuzzy systems were developed to monitor wood moisture, the first based on the genetic material and drying period and the second based on basic density and drying period. The drying rate of wood samples was higher at the initial period and all reached equilibrium moisture content after 15 days. Density showed relationship with wood moisture during the study period. Both systems have the potential to monitor moisture, however, neuro-fuzzy system based on basic density and drying period showed better results and is therefore more suitable.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Brazilian biomes have been severely threatened and their conservation depends on the knowledge of intrinsic ecological processes and correct phytophysiognomy identification of legal protection purposes. Litterfall deposition and decomposition patterns associated with taxonomic composition, climate, soil and relief can be considered important tools for vegetation typology. This study contributes to classifying the Natural Park of Morrinhos ( Parque Natural de Morrinhos - PNM), a forest fragment in the southern region of Goiás, using litterfall deposition and decomposition rates. The results show intense litterfall deposition at the end of the dry period and rapid decomposition in the rainy season (62%), requiring 494 days for total decomposition. The rapid litterfall decomposition rate (k = 1.42 year -1), cumulative annual deposition of 6.43 Mg ha-1 and the taxonomic composition of the vegetation contribute to the classification of PNM as a Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the carbon content (C) in stem, leaves and thin and thick branches of eight species in an area of Caatinga, municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil. To do so, dry biomass samples of at least 15 trees distributed into five diametric classes collected from the study area and fractionated in laboratory were used for each of the eight evaluated species. Carbon content was determined using CHNS/O elemental analyzer. Average carbon content of 46.4% is recommended for Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Bauhinia cheilantha, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra and Mimosa tenuiflora, without need for specific values for each compartment. Croton heliotropiifolius and Poincianella bracteosa require distinct values per compartment for individuals in order to avoid trends in carbon stock estimates.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between the density and the EW (modulus of elasticity) values obtained by two non-destructive methods: the accuracy of an expeditious method using a graduated ruler; and the homogenization of elasticity between the methods for glulam elements. In the analysis, displacements were measured with a graduated ruler and an automatic data acquisition system of 136 glulam pieces with corresponding structural size was used. The methods were evaluated by correlations, and the homogenization of elasticity was evaluated by the Tukey test. We found that density does not influence the EW values obtained by the studied methods, and it is concluded that an expeditious method using a graduated ruler can be used to determine EW by applying a corrected equation.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of forest fire hazard indices for the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park region (MG). Although no weather station is present in this territory, the use of data obtained in the municipality of Viçosa (38 km distance) was effective to calculate the hazard. According to the results, the use of high and very high hazard classes to predict occurrences proved to be more efficient. The Telicyn, Nesterov, FMA and FMA+ indices showed better results when daily mean data was used while FWI responded better with daily maximum temperature and relative humidity at 3:00 p.m. The P-EVAP and FWI indices were the most efficient to predict fires in the study region.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the arboreal component of a Dense Ombrophilous Lowland Forest fragment through evaluations of richness, structure and diversity. For the sampling of this component, we implanted 40 sample units of 10 × 25 m. We measured all arboreal individuals who presented circumference at breast height ≥ 15 cm, 1.30 m from the ground level. The tree stratum presented 1324 individuals, 100 species, 64 genera and 38 families. The Fabaceae family had the highest wealth and Anacardiaceae was the most abundant. The Shannon index and Pielou equability were 3.60 nats.ind.–1 and 0.78, respectively, suggesting the existence of relevant ecological dominance in the community. The results of this work emphasize the ecological importance of this remnant for maintaining the local flora and fauna, also emphasizing the importance of preserving Atlantic Ombrophilous Forests, particularly in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of Senegalia polyphylla seeds from different trees by X-ray (XR) and electric conductivity (EC) tests. Seeds from three different trees were used. The seeds were classified through radiography in: full, malformed, with small damage and empty, and were used in the germination test. For the EC test, the best volume of water (50 and 75 mL) was initially tested at 25 °C, and subsequently, the different soaking times (12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours) using the best volume of water. Concomitantly, the germination test was performed. Tree I presented a higher percentage of full seeds in XR, higher percentage of germination and fewer leachates in the EC; tree III, however, was the opposite. The tests showed to be efficient for the quality evaluation of Senegalia polyphylla seeds, differentiating the trees.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the influence of spraying nozzles on the selectivity of herbicides in eucalyptus seedlings. XR 110.02 and TTI 110.02 spraying nozzles were used for the application of the herbicides: control treatment; oxyfluorfen (150 g ha–1) and saflufenacil (98 g ha–1). The experimental arrangement was a 2 × 3 factorial one (two spraying nozzles × 3 herbicides), using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The application was performed 15 days after transplanting the seedlings. Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), total dry matter (DM), leaf area (LA), visual phytotoxicity (P), quantum efficiency of photosystem II - Fv/Fm, electron transport rate (ETR) and SPAD (S) index were evaluated. The XR 110.02 and TTI 110.02 nozzles did not change the selectivity of oxyfluorfen and saflufenacil.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT We evaluated the recruitment of plant species and their relation with edaphic attributes in a mine revegetated with sewage sludge in the Brazilian Federal District. Plant species in the revegetated mine and in remaining portions of Cerrado (savanna) within the mined landscape were sampled and identified. Then, samples of revegetated substrate and soils from Cerrado portions were collected, analyzed for chemical attributes and submitted to statistical tests. Results indicated that the remaining portions of Cerrado were colonized by 91 species (22% allochthonous species), and the revegetated substrate housed 62 species (55% allochthonous species). Multivariate tests showed that the edaphic condition built from the incorporation of sewage sludge into the mining substrate acted as filter on the assemblage of plant species. Despite the two study sites shared the same landscape, the Cerrado portions and the revegetated substrate did not share similar plant communities after a decade from mine rehabilitation works.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Wood color and properties are variables among and within species, and fast and non-destructive techniques can be applied to their characterization, being also important in wood marketing and quality control. This paper evaluated the influence of age on the discrimination of Tectona grandis L.F. (teak) wood by VIS/NIR spectroscopy. Wood from three ages, with heartwood and sapwood, were studied, totaling 36 samples per age. Quantitative colorimetric data, based on CIELAB 1976, visible and NIR infrared spectra were collected from radial and tangential surfaces in five positions of each sample, in a total of 540 spectra. Both techniques were adequate for age discrimination in teak wood. Statistical differences were observed in the chromatic coordinates in heartwood and sapwood for each age. VIS/NIR spectroscopy can be applied for age discrimination based on teak solid samples and for wood quality control.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Urban afforestation greatly contributes to the ex situ conservation of native species in urban centers of Brazil. In this way, the aim of the present work was to analyze the similarity of the arboreal-shrub flora among urban afforestation in southeastern Brazil. For this analysis, a binary matrix with data of 283 species present in 20 municipalities in the Southeastern Region of Brazil was adopted, in which the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also used aiming at enabling refinement in the grouping obtained by the floristic similarity (FS) of Sørensen with similarity from values provided by PCA. FS among municipalities was intermediate, but the highest similarity of urban flora was found among the geographically closest municipalities. In the southeastern region, 283 species were recorded, being distributed in 71 botanical families, with Fabaceae having the largest number of species, and with emphasis on the predominance of exotic plants over native plants.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the leaf-litter entomofauna in degraded areas under restoration process with different restoration techniques, using the native forest as a reference and ecological indexes as parameters to select bioindicator groups. The study was conducted at “Serra do Itajaí” National Park (PNSI). The survey was conducted from winter/2014 to autumn/2016. The characterization of sampled communities was performed using identification, order, families and faunal indexes such as frequency, constancy and dominance. Overall, 11,241 insects from 57 taxonomic groups were collected in pitfall traps. The native forest showed the greatest richness observed. Groups classified as frequent, constant and dominant in all environments were the Formicidae family and Diptera Order. Significant differences were observed in the frequencies of Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae and Cicadellidae families and also Diptera Order. Coleoptera Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae families and Scolytinae subfamily showed potential as bioindicators of environmental quality at PNSI.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated forest restoration projects filed at the state environmental agency of Rio de Janeiro (Inea), regarding the requirements contained in the Resolution Nº 36/2011. Legal, technical, environmental and ecological parameters of 65 restoration projects in the design and implementation phases were analyzed. Only 29% of the projects met the requirements of Resolution Nº 36/2011. The low compliance with the requirements of the resolution evidences the lack of knowledge of the current regulations in the state of Rio de Janeiro by the technical users of the system. This condition implies a longer time of environmental licensing. Recently, Inea has revoked Res. Nº 36/2011 through Res. Nº 143/2017, which, in addition to simplifying the presentation of restoration projects, gave rise to the State System for Monitoring and Evaluation of Forest Restoration – SEMAR.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This work describes the anatomical analysis of the wood of four Caatinga tree species in order to determine the anatomical characteristics necessary for species segregation in functional groups, to relate them to the regional environmental conditions, as well as to infer about their management and conservation. Qualitatively, the species showed peculiar adaptations to xeric environments such as high frequency of low caliber vessels or parenchyma cells. Quantitatively, the four taxa were divided into three functional groups related to the precipitation and temperature of the Caatinga. The relationships between anatomy and the environment have shown their vulnerability to climatic variations, and have warned of the damage that can be generated by anthropogenic action. It is advisable to use the energy of the species or for use in civil construction, with the exception of Tabebuia aurea, which is appropriate for carpentry. It was verified that the anatomy of the wood has potential as a subsidy for the use, management and conservation of the studied species.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron) is a native forest species endangered due to intense predatory exploitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association and fungi transmission in peroba rosa seeds from four regions of Paraná. Germination and vigor were evaluated using the paper roll method. Sanitary analysis consisted of the detection of endophytic and epiphytic fungi using potato-dextrose-agar medium and Fusarium selective medium. For transmission, non-disinfested seeds were sown in vermiculite and kept in greenhouse. Germination ranged from 9.3% to 60%. Fusarium sp. and Phomopsis sp. were found as epiphytic and also as endophytic. There was transmission of Fusarium sp. and Phomopsis sp. from seeds to seedlings, causing malformation and necrosis on roots and cotyledons.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to compare the historical profile of forest fires and to elaborate a risk zoning map for the regions of Londrina, Brazil, and Pisa, Italy in the period from 2005 to 2014. The records of fire occurrences were correlated with days of rain and temperature in the study areas. The results showed that 1,435 and 629 fires were recorded in the analyzed period, affecting areas of 3,220.4 and 1,550.8 ha in the regions of Londrina and Pisa, respectively. Data were then spaced in a risk zoning map. Fire occurrences and precipitation presented inverse correlation of 0.76 and 0.81 for Londrina and Pisa, respectively. Temperature showed direct correlation of 0.82 with fire occurrences for Pisa, and inverse correlation of 0.56 for Londrina. The analyzed data may serve as subside for planning fire prevention and combat activities.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Pecan is susceptible to the occurrence of diseases capable of harming its development, and leaf spot caused by Cladosporium spp is among them. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the potential antagonist and in vitro effect of volatile metabolites of Trichodermaspp. On Cladosporium spp. isolated from pecan leaf spots. Three Cladosporium spp. isolates and two commercial products based on Trichodermaspp. were used, as well as an isolate of the same genus provided by the 'ElocyMinussi' Laboratory of Phytopathology at UFSM. Cladosporium spp. mycelial growth was monitored in order to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the pathogen. The use of Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol was assessed through dual culture tests and production of volatile metabolites. Trichoderma spp. showed positive results in inhibiting the growth of Cladosporium spp., thereby presenting potential to be used as a biocontrol agent.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Litter production and decomposition makes it possible to supply a good part of the nutrient demand of forest stands. Although several studies on this subject have been carried out in Pinus stands in different regions of Brazil, there are no records of studies carried out in the Northeast region, or in particular in the state of Bahia. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the litter production (litterfall) and decomposition in Pinus stands in the southwest region of Bahia, using an area of native forest as reference. Litterfall was evaluated during twelve months with the use of suspended collectors. Litter accumulation was quantified by means of three collections. The values obtained from litterfall were similar among Pinus stands. However, these values were lower than those found in the reference forest and in stands of the same genus in other regions of Brazil. Litter decomposition is relatively slow in Pinus sp. stands. The temporal variation of the litter supply is not very sensitive to the climate variations.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Population genetics studies can provide knowledge in support of conservation efforts for plant populations. We studied the genetic diversity and structure in nine populations of Calophyllum brasiliense from Santa Catarina state, Brazil, aiming to establish conservation strategies. Allozymic markers were used to genotype about 50 individuals from each population. Moderate genetic diversity (mean = 0.135) and high fixation indexes (mean = 0.259) were estimated. Genetic divergence was significant, equal to 0.140, and a Bayesian analysis found two different genetic groupings. The results show clear signs of risk of diversity loss, basically related to restrictions of effective size. As conservation efforts, we suggested the use of C. brasiliense in restoration programs and for wood production. We also suggested the protection of its associated fauna and the development of more protected areas. Finally, populations 430, 640, 642 and 913 were indicated as priorities for conservation, based on their genetic indexes.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the biological resistance of teak (Tectona grandis) heartwood and sapwood to the action of Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum fungi in laboratory accelerated decay assays. The mass loss evaluation of the samples was performed periodically. The heartwood presented a higher percentage of extractives and the sapwood of holocelluloses. The sapwood and heartwood subjected to the fungus Gloephyllum trabeum remained stable. For the Trametes versicolor fungus, there was an increasing loss of mass over time for both regions, presenting a mass loss of 40% for the sapwood and of 20% for the heartwood at the conclusion of the assay. Teak wood was classified as highly resistant to the fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, and moderately resistant to Trametes versicolor.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Natural products have been studied in order to ensure environmental sustainability, human health, and diminish the use of traditional products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pure andiroba (Carapa guianensis), copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oils and enriched with iodine (I2) on the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to dry-wood termites (Cryptotermes brevis). The oils were enriched with 1%, 3%, and 5% of I2 and impregnated into the wood by cold immersion. The treated samples were subjected to volatilization and leaching. Volatilization and leaching did not affect the loss of mass caused by termites, except for treatments with pure and enriched with 1% iodine copaiba oil. Leached samples were more damaged. The addition of iodine to the oils resulted in a greater efficiency against termites. Andiroba (3% and 5% I2) and jatropha oils (5%) were the most efficient, providing total termite mortality.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the extraction process of palm species (Arecaceae) and their different forms of use by the population in the surroundings of the “Parque Estadual da Serra Furada” (PAESF), located in the south region of Santa Catarina state, as well as understand the perception of the interviewees about the park. The data were obtained through interviews with long-time residents of the area. The results were analyzed by content analysis. Four palm species were cited by the interviewees: Bactris setosa Mart., Euterpe edulis Mart., Geonoma gamiova Barb.Rodr., and Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman. The most widespread uses of these palm species were for food and in construction. The leaves were the main part of the plant used, with emphasis to E. edulis. In general, the PAESF and its palms are important resources for the interviewees; however, today, knowledge remains mostly only in the memory of the residents.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate production profitability of Croton urucurana and Cytharexyllum myrianthum seedlings produced in substrates composed of mixtures of composted biosolids and carbonized rice husk in different concentrations of nutrient solution. Seedlings were subjected to three doses of fertigation solutions. In order to check quality standards which indicated production cycle, the height, stem diameter and root quality were evaluated. Economic viability was determined by indicators of economic attractiveness commonly used for investment projects. Production costs of seedlings varied according to the production cycle, substrate compositions and nutritional management. The substrate with higher volume of composted biosolids and lower concentrated fertilizer was the one with the highest profitability and the lowest production cost.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) is the only representative of the Bertholletia genus, but presents great phenotypic variability. The objective of this study was to characterize the fruits, seeds and crude oil of Brazil nuts from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Fruit and seeds from adult trees were collected at the municipalities of Alta Floresta, Cotriguaçu, Itaúba and Juína. Physical characteristics, yield and composition of the seeds, as well as crude oil characteristics were evaluated. The fruits produced in Itaúba were the smallest and had the lowest number of seeds, while those from Juína presented larger size and mass. The nuts produced in Itaúba had the lowest mean unit mass and ten-seed mass values. The seeds produced in Juína presented higher lipid content and lower ash content. The selenium content of the nuts was higher in Cotriguaçu. There were no significant differences in fruit peel thickness, yield and protein content of the nuts or characteristics of the crude oil.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Harvesting and reform in eucalyptus can lead to changes in soil organic matter (SOM). The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in total organic C (TOC) and N (NT), C and N in humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FH), light organic matter (LOM) and microbial biomass (MB), in Ultisol of eucalypt stands over one, two and four years of renovated areas in Rio Grande do Sul state. After the first year of eucalyptus reform, there were 78% of increases in TOC (0.0-1.0-m soil layer). After two years, there was an increase in TN and an average reduction of 52% in LOM-C (0.0-0.1-m soil layer). FA-C, HA-C, and HU-C presented mean reductions of 43 Mg ha–1 (0.0-1.0-m soil layer) after four years of reform. The litter contribution of previous crop and the crop residues from the harvest resulted in increments of the SOM fractions. However, there is a negative effect in later years.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Determinar a relação existente entre os nutrientes e o crescimento das plantas implica em estudos e a aplicação de análise estatística capaz de explicar essas interações. Diante disso, estabeleceu-se experimento com doses de N, P2O5 e K2O e seus efeitos nas correlações entre crescimento e os nutrientes em mudas de Tectona grandis, a partir da correlação canônica. As mudas foram submetidas às doses de N = 0, 2,5, 5,0 e 7,5 kg m–3 com ureia, P2O5 = 0, 3,0, 6,0 e 12,0 kg m–3 com superfosfato simples e K2O = 0, 3,0, 6,0 e 12,0 kg m–3 com cloreto de potássio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As correlações canônicas demonstraram que a biomassa foi a característica morfológica que mais se destacou em relação ao crescimento das mudas de T. grandis. Essa característica, assim como altura e diâmetro, foi favorecida pelas interações entre os macro e micronutrientes, que ocorreram no substrato após a adubação. N, Mn e Cu foram os nutrientes mais importantes para o incremento dessas características.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The relationship between nutrients and plant growth requires in-depth studies and the application of statistical analysis capable of explaining these interactions. An experiment was prepared with N, P2O5 and K2O doses. Effects on the correlations between growth and nutrients in Tectona grandis seedlings were based on the canonical correlation analysis. Seedlings were submitted to doses of N = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 kg m–3 with urea, P2O5 = 0, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 kg m–3 with common superphosphate, and K2O = 0, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 kg m–3 with potassium chloride, in a completely randomized design. Canonical correlations showed that biomass was the most salient morphological characteristic in relation to the growth of T. grandis seedlings. Height and diameter were also underscored by interactions between macro- and micronutrients in the substrate, after fertilization. Results show that N, Mn and Cu were the most important nutrients for the increment of these characteristics.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Seed coat plays an important role in the embryo protection and seed germination. This study aimed to characterize the anatomical structure, histochemical and physicochemical aspects of the seed coat of Araucaria angustifolia Kuntze. Light and scanning microscopy usual procedures, and histochemical tests were used to describe and characterize seed layers, as well as to determine their extractive contents. Functional groups of the integument coat layers were observed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Color analyses were performed in CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space. Wettability of the layers was evaluated by contact angle analysis. The anatomical and chemical features observed in the seed layers include the rucose cuticle and the presence of many layers of sclerenchyma in the mesotesta; and the chromaticity due to extractive content and phenolic compounds in the endotesta. The wettability varied among layers according to their structure. These features information contribute to a better understanding on the services provided by the Araucaria angustifolia seed coat.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma sp. isolates against Fusarium subglutinans and evaluates the effect of the pine seeds treatment with Trichoderma sp. on the incidence of root rot. Twelve Trichoderma sp. isolates and two F. subglutinans isolates were included in the study. Trichoderma sp. inhibited F. subglutinans mycelial growth through direct contact with hyphae and the production of volatile antifungal compounds. Pine seeds treatment with the antagonist Trichoderma sp. reduced the incidence of root rot, increased the emergence and initial growth in the height of seedlings, and improved seedling health.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This paper presents a GIS methodological approach for mapping forest landscape multifunctionality. The aims of the present study were: (1) to integrate and prioritize production and protection functions by multicriteria spatial analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); and (2) to produce a multifunctionality map (e.g., production, protection, conservation and recreation) for a forest management unit. For this, a study area in inner Portugal occupied by forest and with an important protection area was selected. Based on maps for functions identified in the study area, it was possible to improve the scenic value and the biodiversity of the landscape to mitigate fire hazard and to diversify goods and services. The developed methodology is a key tool for producing maps for decision making support in integrated landscape planning and forest management.