Genetic variation for growth and selection in adult plants of <i>Eucalyptus badjensis</i>

Santos, Paulo Eduardo Telles dos; Paludzyszyn Filho, Estefano; Silva, Lorenzo Teixeira de Melo da; Vandresen, Paula Burigo

doi:10.1590/S1415-475738420150041

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Research Article • Genet. Mol. Biol. 38 (4) • Oct-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-475738420150041 copy

Genetic variation for growth and selection in adult plants of Eucalyptus badjensis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate Eucalyptus badjensis concerning the genetic variation for growth traits and the potential of the species in supporting a breeding programme. The field trial was a provenance/progeny test established in Campina da Alegria, Santa Catarina, Brazil (latitude 26°52′05.1″ S, longitude 51°48′47.5″ W, altitude 1,015 m) in a soil classified as Latossolic Alumino-Ferric Brown Nitosol. The experiment comprised 60 open-pollinated progenies from the provenances Glenbog and Badja State Forest, New South Wales, Australia. Ten replicates and plots with six plants in row were used. At the age of 17 years, 279 trees were assessed for diameter of the bole at breast height (DBH), total tree height (H) and volume of wood with bark (Vol). After submitting the data to statistical genetic analysis, the overall means for DBH, H and Vol were 45.17 cm, 33.30 m and 2.84 m³, and the estimates of additive coefficient of variation [ ${\hat{C V}}_{a}$ (%)] were 12.59%, 5.91% and 26.51%, respectively. Heritability coefficients of additive effects ( ${\hat{h}}_{a}^{2}$ ) were also estimated and the following values were found: 0.443, 0.312 and 0.358. Thirty-nine trees from 25 different progenies were selected. The expected means of the provenances after improvement were 50.02 cm, 34.35 m and 3.47 m³ for DBH, H and Vol, respectively.

Keywords:
eucalypt; progeny test; genetic parameters; breeding; genetic gain

Origin of the provenance	N° of progenies	Latitude (S)	Longitude (E)	Altitude (m)	Soil type	Average number of frosts per year	Minimum absolute temperature
Glenbog (P1)	20	36°29′	149°19′	1,100	Red clayey loam	82	−12 °C
Badja State Forest (P2)	40	36°02′	149°34′	1,000	Reddish brown clayey loam	82	−12 °C

Species	Nr. of trees	Age (years)	Locations	MAI
				DBH (cm)	H (m)	Vol (m³)
E. dunnii	32	16 to 17	Irani-SC	2.74	2.44	0.12
E. viminalis	20	17	Vargem Bonita-SC, Irani-SC and Campina da Alegria-SC	2.80	1.50	0.14
E. grandis	35	17 to 20	Erval Grande-RS and Concórdia-SC	3.09	2.54	0.21
E. badjensis	39	17	Campina da Alegria-SC	3.30	2.16	0.27

Attribute	Traits
	DBH (cm)	H (m)	Vol (m³)
	Complete sample (N = 279) / Selected trees (N = 39)
Mean	45.17 / 56.12	33.30 / 36.68	2.84 / 4.59
Higher value	67.5	42.0	7.01
Lower value	27.7 / 45.8	21.9 / 29.1	0.81 / 2.68
Amplitude	39.8 / 21.7	20.1 / 12.9	6.20 / 4.33
Standard deviation	8.41 / 4.95	3.54 / 2.75	1.25 / 0.99
MAI	2.66 / 3.30	1.96 / 2.16	0.17 / 0.27

Ranking for Vol (m³)	Progeny/Provenance ID	DBH (cm)			H (m)			Vol (m³)
		f¹ 1 phenotypic value;	a² 2 additive effect;	(μ + a)³ 3 additive value (BLUP) of the mean for the subsequent generation of planting, when growing under similar environmental and silvicultural conditions and assessed at the same age of this experiment.	f	a	(μ + a)	f	a	(μ + a)
1	20/2	66.2	11.52	56.69	40.2	2.26	35.56	6.92	1.78	4.62
2	01/2	65.9	9.90	55.07	41.1	1.88	35.18	7.01	1.45	4.28
3	20/2	58.9	9.29	54.46	38.4	2.18	35.48	5.23	1.35	4.18
4	32/2	63.3	8.83	54.00	39.3	1.97	35.27	6.19	1.27	4.10
5	19/1	67.5	9.46	54.63	37.2	0.67	33.97	6.65	1.24	4.08
6	37/2	61.1	8.17	53.34	37.5	1.44	34.74	5.50	1.07	3.91
7	09/2	57.0	5.98	51.14	41.1	2.71	36.01	5.24	1.00	3.84
8	17/2	63.0	9.35	54.52	33.0	0.60	33.90	5.15	1.01	3.84
9	18/2	55.7	8.24	53.41	35.4	1.18	34.48	4.31	0.97	3.80
10	20/2	52.2	5.59	50.76	41.1	2.54	35.84	4.40	0.95	3.78
11	08/2	56.7	7.51	52.68	36.3	0.77	34.07	4.58	0.93	3.77
12	19/2	60.5	6.95	52.12	36.9	1.01	34.31	5.30	0.92	3.76
13	14/2	60.5	8.17	53.34	36.3	0.51	33.81	5.21	0.91	3.74
14	07/2	57.3	6.25	51.42	37.8	1.67	34.97	4.87	0.81	3.65
15	19/1	58.9	5.49	50.65	39.0	1.17	34.47	5.31	0.79	3.63
16	40/2	57.0	6.01	51.18	36.9	1.57	34.87	4.70	0.78	3.62
17	18/2	57.6	6.92	52.09	34.2	0.41	33.71	4.46	0.77	3.61
18	34/2	54.7	6.23	51.40	36.3	1.71	35.01	4.27	0.76	3.59
19	05/2	57.9	7.28	52.45	34.8	0.54	33.84	4.59	0.75	3.58
20	31/2	57.0	5.15	50.32	36.9	1.37	34.67	4.70	0.71	3.54
21	19/2	57.3	6.11	51.28	35.1	0.50	33.80	4.52	0.70	3.53
22	19/2	55.7	5.22	50.39	37.8	1.00	34.30	4.61	0.70	3.53
23	19/2	55.1	6.03	51.20	33.6	0.30	33.60	4.00	0.66	3.50
24	09/2	51.9	4.14	49.31	35.4	1.43	34.72	3.74	0.61	3.44
25	27/2	56.7	4.67	49.84	37.8	0.90	34.20	4.77	0.58	3.42
26	32/2	50.9	3.96	49.13	37.2	1.46	34.76	3.79	0.56	3.40
27	04/1	54.1	4.10	49.27	38.1	1.64	34.94	4.38	0.55	3.38
28	04/2	52.2	3.08	48.25	42.0	2.70	36.00	4.49	0.54	3.38
29	38/2	55.4	3.76	48.93	37.8	1.32	34.62	4.55	0.54	3.38
30	37/2	51.9	4.22	49.39	36.3	0.92	34.22	3.84	0.53	3.36
31	37/2	49.3	4.37	49.54	34.8	0.91	34.21	3.33	0.47	3.31
32	11/1	50.9	4.12	49.29	36.0	1.04	34.34	3.67	0.44	3.28
33	26/2	54.1	2.92	48.09	36.9	1.21	34.51	4.24	0.43	3.26
34	35/2	55.7	3.33	48.50	36.6	0.51	33.81	4.46	0.40	3.23
35	11/2	52.8	2.97	48.14	34.5	0.57	33.87	3.78	0.32	3.16
36	27/2	51.9	3.64	48.81	32.1	-0.43	32.87	3.39	0.26	3.09
37	05/2	48.4	3.19	48.36	29.1	-0.94	32.36	2.68	0.19	3.02
38	02/2	49.7	2.97	48.14	30.9	-0.54	32.76	2.99	0.17	3.01
39	11/2	45.8	0.44	45.61	38.7	1.74	35.04	3.19	0.15	2.98
Overall mean (μ)		45.17			33.30			2.84

Ranking	Provenance ID	DBH (cm)				H (m)				Vol (m³)
		g	(μ + g)	Gain	New Mean	g	(μ + g)	Gain	New Mean	g	(μ + g)	Gain	New Mean
1	2	1.41	46.58	1.41	46.58	0.28	33.58	0.28	33.58	0.18	3.01	0.18	3.01
2	1	−1.41	43.76	0.00	45.17	−0.28	33.02	0.00	33.30	−0.18	2.66	0.00	2.84

Effect	Deviance			LRT¹ 1 Likelihood Ratio Test;			Variance component			Coefficient of determination (C²)
	DBH	H	Vol	DBH	H	Vol	DBH	H	Vol	DBH	H	Vol
Progeny	1,437.36	971.57	410.86	5.83^* * Significant at the level of 5% of probability in the X2 test;	1.88^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	4.11^* * Significant at the level of 5% of probability in the X2 test;	72.973^ Significant at the level of 1% of probability in the X2 (chi-square) test;	12.437^ Significant at the level of 1% of probability in the X2 (chi-square) test;	1.5775^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.443	0.312	0.358
Provenance	1,434.20	970.24	408.74	2.67^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.55^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	1.99^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	4.840^* * Significant at the level of 5% of probability in the X2 test;	0.261^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.081^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.066	0.021	0.051
Plot	1,431.62	970.93	406.92	0.09^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	1.24^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.17^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	2.888^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	1.941^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.077^ns ns Not significant in the X2 test.	0.041	0.158	0.050
Error	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.449	0.509	0.540
Complete model	1,431.53	969.69	406.75							1.000	1.000	1.000

Parameters of the genetic evaluation (N¹ 1 sample size. = 279)		Traits
		DBH (cm)	H (m)	Vol (m³)
$σ_{a}^{2}$	Additive variance	32.340	3.876	0.565
$σ_{p l o t}^{2}$	Environmental variance among plots	2.841	1.967	0.075
$σ_{p r o v}^{2}$	Genotypic variance between provenances	4.837	0.264	0.080
$σ_{e}^{2}$	Residual variance	32.955	6.330	0.857
$σ_{p h}^{2}$	Phenotypic variance at individual level	72.973	12.437	1.577
$h_{a}^{2}$	Heritability coefficient of additive effect	0.443 ± 0.226	0.312 ± 0.189	0.358 ± 0.203
$C_{p l o t}^{2}$	Coefficient of determination of plot effect	0.039	0.158	0.048
$C_{p r o v}^{2}$	Coefficient of determination of provenance effect	0.066	0.021	0.051
CV_a(%)	Additive coefficient of variation	12.590	5.912	26.511
CV_gp(%)	Genetic coefficient of variation among progenies	6.295	2.956	13.255
CV_e(%)	Residual coefficient of variation	7.788	5.624	18.947
Overall mean		45.17	33.30	2.84

Attribute	Traits
	DBH	H	Vol
Mean of the original provenances (P1/P2)	45.17 cm	33.30 m	2.84 m³
Mean of selected trees	56.12 cm	36.68 m	4.59 m³
ds	10.95 cm	3.38 m	1.75
${\hat{h}}_{a}^{2}$	0.443	0.312	0.358
${\hat{G}}_{s}$	4.85 cm	1.05 m	0.63 m³
${\hat{G}}_{s}$ (%)	10.74	3.17	22.06
Mean of improved provenances (P1/P2)	50.02 cm	34.35 m	3.47 m³

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E-mail: editor@gmb.org.br

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[1] Send correspondence to Paulo Eduardo Telles dos Santos. Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira km 111, 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil. E-mail: paulo.telles@embrapa.br