Este trabalho visou obter estimativas da heterose em cruzamentos entre sete cultivares de berinjela (Embu = E, Santa Genebra = SG, Viserba = V, Aubergine de Barbentane = AB, Florida Market 10 = FM, Black Beauty = BB e Melitino = M) e duas linhagens (B-14-07 = B1 e B-31-06 = B2). Os híbridos F1 utilizados foram: E x FM; E x BB; E x M; E x B1; E x B2; SG x FM; SG x BB; SG x M; SG x B1; SG x B2; V x FM; V x B1; V x B2; AB x FM; AB x M; AB x B1; AB x B2 e M x FM. O trabalho foi conduzido no campus da ESAL em Lavras-MG, de fevereiro a outubro de 1992. O delineamento empregado foi o de blocos casualizados completos com três repetições. Em relação às médias dos pais, houve heterose significativa para os caracteres estudados, variando de +41,23% a +113,31% para produção total de frutos; de -11,45% a +26,17% para peso médio de fruto; e de +27,98% a +141,81% para produção precoce. A heterose em relação ao pai mais produtivo variou entre +13,89% e +92,51% para produção total de frutos. Destacaram-se entre os mais heteróticos, relativamente às médias dos pais, os híbridos SG x FM e AB x B1, para produção total de frutos; V x FM e AB x FM, para peso médio de frutos; E x M e AB x B1, para produção precoce. Em relação ao pai superior, os híbridos com maior heterose para produção total foram AB x B1 e SG x FM.
Plant Genetics • Genet. Mol. Biol. 21
(1)
• Mar 1998 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47571998000100017 linkcopiar
Expression of heterosis for productive traits in F1 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) hybrids
Tabelas
Parental
Origin
Average plant height (cm)
Fruit shape
Fruit color
Fruit size (cm)
Fruit diameter (cm)
Calix color
Embu
Brazil (São Paulo)
77.0
Oval
Shiny dark purple
17.0
6.0
Pale green
Santa Genebra
Brazil (IAC/Campinas, SP)
70.0
Elongated oval
Shiny pale wine
18.0
6.5
Green
Viserba
USA
96.0
Long
Shiny dark purple
20.0
6.0
Pale green
Aubergine de Barbentane
France
87.0
Fairly long purple
Shiny dark
22.0
7.0
Green with purple marks
Florida Market 10
USA
85.0
Oval
Shiny fairly dark purple
18.0
6.0
Green
Black Beauty
USA
67.0
Oval/round
Pale purple
14.0
7.0
Green
Melitino
Italy
75.0
Long
Shiny dark purple
21.0
6.5
Green
Line B-14-07
Brazil (Dr. H. Ikuta, ESALQ/USP)
86.0
Oval/round
Pale wine
15.0
5.5
Green
Line B-13-06
Brazil (Dr. H. Ikuta, ESALQ/USP)
77.0
Elongatel oval
Very dark purple
18.0
8.0
Green
Treatments
Total yield
Early yield
First class fruit yield
Means (kg/ha)
Heterosis
Means (kg/ha)
Heterosis
Means (kg/ha)
Heterosis
Ht (%)
Hb (%)
Ht (%)
Hb (%)
Ht (%)
Hb (%)
E
43431 fgh
-
-
5586 ef
-
-
10225 fgh
-
-
SG
36870 gh
-
-
9270 cdef
-
-
5664 fgh
-
-
V
47815 efgh
-
-
12036 abcdef
-
-
7108 fgh
-
-
AB
36898 gh
-
-
8097 def
-
-
5345 gh
-
-
FM
49068 efgh
-
-
10089 bcdef
-
-
26048 bcdef
-
-
BB
57182 defgh
-
-
13281 abcde
-
-
11036 fgh
-
-
M
57946 cdefgh
-
-
9717 bcdef
-
-
19717 efgh
-
-
B1
30142 h
-
-
4036 f
-
-
2189 h
-
-
B2
60160 bcdefg
-
-
8745 cdef
-
-
20300 efgh
-
-
F1 (E x FM)
83866 abcd
81.33
70.92
10814 abcdef
37.98
7.19
45165 ab
149.03
73.39
F1 (E x BB)
86971 abc
72.88
52.10
15853 abcd
68.05
19.37
46758 ab
339.93
323.76
F1 (E x M)
89743 a
77.05
54.87
18025 ab
141.81
93.35
48234 a
222.18
144.63
F1 (E x B1)
65924 abcdefg
79.20
51.79
9717 bcdef
11.96
73.94
21723 defgh
249.97
112.44
F1 (E x B2)
89293 ab
72.40
48.43
13692 abcde
91.08
56.57
44331 abc
190.45
118.38
F1 (SG x FM)
91657 a
113.31
86.80
19128 a
97.62
89.59
44909 ab
183.23
72.41
F1 (SG x BB)
87582 ab
86.24
53.16
19459 a
72.58
46.52
34873 abcde
317.63
215.98
F1 (SG x M)
72346 abcdef
52.60
24.85
15161 abcd
63.10
62.63
18050 efgh
42.23
-8.5
F1 (SG x B1)
63979 abcdefg
90.95
73.52
13134 abcde
97.41
41.68
12450 fgh
217.08
119.81
F1 (SG x B2)
68518 abcdef
41.23
13.89
14167 abcde
57.29
52.83
20778 efgh
60.05
2.35
F1 (V x FM)
76860 abcde
58.67
56.64
14159 abcde
27.98
17.63
34809 abcde
109.97
33.63
F1 (V x B1)
57490 defgh
47.49
20.23
12200 abcdef
51.81
1.36
8678 fgh
86.67
22.08
F1 (V x B2)
69337 abcdef
28.43
15.26
14981 abcd
44.18
24.46
21312 efgh
55.51
4.98
F1 (AB x FM)
87891 ab
14.48
79.12
13272 abcde
45.96
31.55
36876 abcde
134.93
41.57
F1 (AB x M)
89166 ab
88.03
53.88
17274 abc
97.64
84.65
20159 efgh
60.87
2.24
F1 (AB x B1)
71032 abcdef
111.91
92.51
13664 abcde
125.23
68.75
17198 efgh
356.56
221.78
F1 (AB x B2)
85993 abcd
77.20
42.94
14575 abcd
73.08
66.68
24142 cdefg
88.28
18.92
Hybrid F-100
81582 abcd
-
-
13142 abcde
-
-
42081 abcd
-
-
Hybrid F-1000
72615 abcdef
-
-
11314 abcdef
-
-
21000 efgh
-
-
F1 (M x FM)
82160 abcd
53.55
41.79
13814 abcde
42.33
36.92
43673 abc
90.86
67.67
DMS Tukey 5%
29210
8730.3
20693
Treatments
Average fruit weight
Average early fruit weight
Means (g)
Heterosis
Means (g)
Heterosis
Ht (%)
Hb (%)
Ht (%)
Hb (%)
E
198.67 defgh
-
-
171.66 fghij
-
-
SG
131.57 jkl
-
-
147.10 ijk
-
-
V
92.23 l
-
-
100.94 k
-
-
AB
128.28 kl
-
-
141.52 jk
-
-
FM
232.10 abcd
-
-
237.12 abcde
-
-
BB
255.08 ab
-
-
284.80 a
-
-
M
213.25 bcdefg
-
-
202.26 cdefghij
-
-
B1
211.32 bcdefg
-
-
213.16 cdefgh
-
-
B2
243.78 abc
-
-
228.76 abcdef
-
-
F1 (E x FM)
244.37 abc
13.46
5.29
249.43 abc
22.04
5.19
F1 (E x BB)
268.10 a
18.17
5.10
276.99 ab
21.36
-2.74
F1 (E x M)
237.66 abcd
15.39
11.45
230.11 abcdef
23.08
13.77
F1 (E x B1)
240.14 abcd
17.13
13.62
226.75 abcdefg
17.85
6.37
F1 (E x B2)
244.13 abc
10.35
0.14
239.02 abcd
19.38
4.48
F1 (SG x FM)
220.48 bcdef
21.25
-5.01
223.93 abcdefg
16.56
-5.56
F1 (SG x BB)
222.43 bcde
15.06
-12.80
229.19 abcdef
6.13
-19.53
F1 (SG x M)
174.92 ghij
1.45
-17.98
183.11 defghij
4.82
-9.47
F1 (SG x B1)
176.70 fghi
3.05
-16.40
174.37 efghij
-3.20
-18.20
F1 (SG x B2)
166.18 hijk
-11.45
-31.83
184.35 defghij
-1.91
-19.41
F1 (V x FM)
204.61 cdefgh
26.17
-11.85
200.12 cdefghij
18.39
-15.60
F1 (V x B1)
147.23 ijk
-3.00
-30.34
164.08 ghijk
4.48
-23.03
F1 (V x B2)
151.27 ijk
-9.96
-37.95
159.02 hijk
-3.54
-30.49
F1 (AB x FM)
220.03 bcdef
22.11
-5.20
213.83 bcdefgh
12.95
-9.82
F1 (AB x M)
200.43 cdefgh
17.37
-6.01
204.45 cdefghij
18.94
1.08
F1 (AB x B1)
183.42 efghi
8.01
-13.22
189.13 cdefghij
6.65
-11.27
F1 (AB x B2)
183.79 efghi
-1.20
-24.61
173.25 fghij
-6.42
-24.27
Hybrid F-100
218.87 bcdefg
-
-
209.40 cdefghi
-
-
Hybrid F-1000
203.55 cdefgh
-
-
222.72 abcdefg
-
-
F1 (M x FM)
249.47 ab
12.03
7.48
222.87 abcdefg
1.45
-6.01
DMS Tukey 5%
44.83
63.173
table_chart
| Parental | Origin |
Average plant height (cm) |
Fruit shape |
Fruit color |
Fruit size (cm) |
Fruit diameter (cm) |
Calix color |
| Embu | Brazil (São Paulo) |
77.0 |
Oval | Shiny dark purple |
17.0 |
6.0 |
Pale green |
| Santa Genebra | Brazil (IAC/Campinas, SP) |
70.0 |
Elongated oval | Shiny pale wine |
18.0 |
6.5 |
Green |
| Viserba | USA |
96.0 |
Long | Shiny dark purple |
20.0 |
6.0 |
Pale green |
| Aubergine de Barbentane | France |
87.0 |
Fairly long purple | Shiny dark |
22.0 |
7.0 |
Green with purple marks |
| Florida Market 10 | USA |
85.0 |
Oval | Shiny fairly dark purple |
18.0 |
6.0 |
Green |
| Black Beauty | USA |
67.0 |
Oval/round | Pale purple |
14.0 |
7.0 |
Green |
| Melitino | Italy |
75.0 |
Long | Shiny dark purple |
21.0 |
6.5 |
Green |
| Line B-14-07 | Brazil (Dr. H. Ikuta, ESALQ/USP) |
86.0 |
Oval/round | Pale wine |
15.0 |
5.5 |
Green |
| Line B-13-06 | Brazil (Dr. H. Ikuta, ESALQ/USP) |
77.0 |
Elongatel oval | Very dark purple |
18.0 |
8.0 |
Green |
table_chart
| Treatments |
Total yield |
Early yield |
First class fruit yield |
||||||
|
Means (kg/ha) |
Heterosis |
Means (kg/ha) |
Heterosis |
Means (kg/ha) |
Heterosis | ||||
| Ht (%) | Hb (%) | Ht (%) | Hb (%) | Ht (%) | Hb (%) | ||||
| E | 43431 fgh | - | - | 5586 ef | - | - | 10225 fgh | - | - |
| SG | 36870 gh | - | - | 9270 cdef | - | - | 5664 fgh | - | - |
| V | 47815 efgh | - | - | 12036 abcdef | - | - | 7108 fgh | - | - |
| AB | 36898 gh | - | - | 8097 def | - | - | 5345 gh | - | - |
| FM | 49068 efgh | - | - | 10089 bcdef | - | - | 26048 bcdef | - | - |
| BB | 57182 defgh | - | - | 13281 abcde | - | - | 11036 fgh | - | - |
| M | 57946 cdefgh | - | - | 9717 bcdef | - | - | 19717 efgh | - | - |
| B1 | 30142 h | - | - | 4036 f | - | - | 2189 h | - | - |
| B2 | 60160 bcdefg | - | - | 8745 cdef | - | - | 20300 efgh | - | - |
| F1 (E x FM) | 83866 abcd | 81.33 | 70.92 | 10814 abcdef | 37.98 | 7.19 | 45165 ab | 149.03 | 73.39 |
| F1 (E x BB) | 86971 abc | 72.88 | 52.10 | 15853 abcd | 68.05 | 19.37 | 46758 ab | 339.93 | 323.76 |
| F1 (E x M) | 89743 a | 77.05 | 54.87 | 18025 ab | 141.81 | 93.35 | 48234 a | 222.18 | 144.63 |
| F1 (E x B1) | 65924 abcdefg | 79.20 | 51.79 | 9717 bcdef | 11.96 | 73.94 | 21723 defgh | 249.97 | 112.44 |
| F1 (E x B2) | 89293 ab | 72.40 | 48.43 | 13692 abcde | 91.08 | 56.57 | 44331 abc | 190.45 | 118.38 |
| F1 (SG x FM) | 91657 a | 113.31 | 86.80 | 19128 a | 97.62 | 89.59 | 44909 ab | 183.23 | 72.41 |
| F1 (SG x BB) | 87582 ab | 86.24 | 53.16 | 19459 a | 72.58 | 46.52 | 34873 abcde | 317.63 | 215.98 |
| F1 (SG x M) | 72346 abcdef | 52.60 | 24.85 | 15161 abcd | 63.10 | 62.63 | 18050 efgh | 42.23 | -8.5 |
| F1 (SG x B1) | 63979 abcdefg | 90.95 | 73.52 | 13134 abcde | 97.41 | 41.68 | 12450 fgh | 217.08 | 119.81 |
| F1 (SG x B2) | 68518 abcdef | 41.23 | 13.89 | 14167 abcde | 57.29 | 52.83 | 20778 efgh | 60.05 | 2.35 |
| F1 (V x FM) | 76860 abcde | 58.67 | 56.64 | 14159 abcde | 27.98 | 17.63 | 34809 abcde | 109.97 | 33.63 |
| F1 (V x B1) | 57490 defgh | 47.49 | 20.23 | 12200 abcdef | 51.81 | 1.36 | 8678 fgh | 86.67 | 22.08 |
| F1 (V x B2) | 69337 abcdef | 28.43 | 15.26 | 14981 abcd | 44.18 | 24.46 | 21312 efgh | 55.51 | 4.98 |
| F1 (AB x FM) | 87891 ab | 14.48 | 79.12 | 13272 abcde | 45.96 | 31.55 | 36876 abcde | 134.93 | 41.57 |
| F1 (AB x M) | 89166 ab | 88.03 | 53.88 | 17274 abc | 97.64 | 84.65 | 20159 efgh | 60.87 | 2.24 |
| F1 (AB x B1) | 71032 abcdef | 111.91 | 92.51 | 13664 abcde | 125.23 | 68.75 | 17198 efgh | 356.56 | 221.78 |
| F1 (AB x B2) | 85993 abcd | 77.20 | 42.94 | 14575 abcd | 73.08 | 66.68 | 24142 cdefg | 88.28 | 18.92 |
| Hybrid F-100 | 81582 abcd | - | - | 13142 abcde | - | - | 42081 abcd | - | - |
| Hybrid F-1000 | 72615 abcdef | - | - | 11314 abcdef | - | - | 21000 efgh | - | - |
| F1 (M x FM) | 82160 abcd | 53.55 | 41.79 | 13814 abcde | 42.33 | 36.92 | 43673 abc | 90.86 | 67.67 |
| DMS Tukey 5% | 29210 | 8730.3 | 20693 | ||||||
table_chart
| Treatments |
Average fruit weight |
Average early fruit weight |
||||
|
Means (g) |
Heterosis |
Means (g) |
Heterosis |
|||
|
Ht (%) |
Hb (%) |
Ht (%) |
Hb (%) |
|||
| E | 198.67 defgh | - | - | 171.66 fghij | - | - |
| SG | 131.57 jkl | - | - | 147.10 ijk | - | - |
| V | 92.23 l | - | - | 100.94 k | - | - |
| AB | 128.28 kl | - | - | 141.52 jk | - | - |
| FM | 232.10 abcd | - | - | 237.12 abcde | - | - |
| BB | 255.08 ab | - | - | 284.80 a | - | - |
| M | 213.25 bcdefg | - | - | 202.26 cdefghij | - | - |
| B1 | 211.32 bcdefg | - | - | 213.16 cdefgh | - | - |
| B2 | 243.78 abc | - | - | 228.76 abcdef | - | - |
| F1 (E x FM) | 244.37 abc | 13.46 | 5.29 | 249.43 abc | 22.04 | 5.19 |
| F1 (E x BB) | 268.10 a | 18.17 | 5.10 | 276.99 ab | 21.36 | -2.74 |
| F1 (E x M) | 237.66 abcd | 15.39 | 11.45 | 230.11 abcdef | 23.08 | 13.77 |
| F1 (E x B1) | 240.14 abcd | 17.13 | 13.62 | 226.75 abcdefg | 17.85 | 6.37 |
| F1 (E x B2) | 244.13 abc | 10.35 | 0.14 | 239.02 abcd | 19.38 | 4.48 |
| F1 (SG x FM) | 220.48 bcdef | 21.25 | -5.01 | 223.93 abcdefg | 16.56 | -5.56 |
| F1 (SG x BB) | 222.43 bcde | 15.06 | -12.80 | 229.19 abcdef | 6.13 | -19.53 |
| F1 (SG x M) | 174.92 ghij | 1.45 | -17.98 | 183.11 defghij | 4.82 | -9.47 |
| F1 (SG x B1) | 176.70 fghi | 3.05 | -16.40 | 174.37 efghij | -3.20 | -18.20 |
| F1 (SG x B2) | 166.18 hijk | -11.45 | -31.83 | 184.35 defghij | -1.91 | -19.41 |
| F1 (V x FM) | 204.61 cdefgh | 26.17 | -11.85 | 200.12 cdefghij | 18.39 | -15.60 |
| F1 (V x B1) | 147.23 ijk | -3.00 | -30.34 | 164.08 ghijk | 4.48 | -23.03 |
| F1 (V x B2) | 151.27 ijk | -9.96 | -37.95 | 159.02 hijk | -3.54 | -30.49 |
| F1 (AB x FM) | 220.03 bcdef | 22.11 | -5.20 | 213.83 bcdefgh | 12.95 | -9.82 |
| F1 (AB x M) | 200.43 cdefgh | 17.37 | -6.01 | 204.45 cdefghij | 18.94 | 1.08 |
| F1 (AB x B1) | 183.42 efghi | 8.01 | -13.22 | 189.13 cdefghij | 6.65 | -11.27 |
| F1 (AB x B2) | 183.79 efghi | -1.20 | -24.61 | 173.25 fghij | -6.42 | -24.27 |
| Hybrid F-100 | 218.87 bcdefg | - | - | 209.40 cdefghi | - | - |
| Hybrid F-1000 | 203.55 cdefgh | - | - | 222.72 abcdefg | - | - |
| F1 (M x FM) | 249.47 ab | 12.03 | 7.48 | 222.87 abcdefg | 1.45 | -6.01 |
| DMS Tukey 5% | 44.83 | 63.173 | ||||
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