Pharmaceutical innovation: differences between Europe, USA and ‘pharmerging’ countries

Akkari, Alessandra Cristina Santos; Munhoz, Igor Polezi; Tomioka, Jorge; Santos, Neusa Maria Bastos Fernandes dos; Santos, Roberto Fernandes dos

doi:10.1590/0104-530X2150-15

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Articles • Gest. Prod. 23 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X2150-15 copy

Pharmaceutical innovation: differences between Europe, USA and ‘pharmerging’ countries

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The pharmaceutical sector has been dominated by multinational companies from Europe and the USA - the so called Big Pharma. However, the importance of pharmaceutical emerging markets, especially China and Brazil, is a consensus in the literature, and these ‘pharmerging’ countries will play a vital role in the sustainable growth of the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to develop a technological and industrial mapping of the pharmaceutical sector based on information from international patent databases (WIPO and Derwent) between 1996 and the last year of record (2013). After that, a numerical analysis for prediction of scenarios was conducted using the Method of Least Squares and an algorithm was implemented in MATLAB. The results confirmed the leadership of Europe and the USA in the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting the innovative capacity of Hoffmann-La Roche. However, an important growth of Brazilian (41%) and Chinese (27%) patents was estimated, suggesting the beginning of technological and scientific dissemination and increased competition in the pharmaceutical segment due to the advancement of the ‘pharmerging’ countries, mainly China.

Keywords:
Innovation; Patents; Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmaceutical emerging markets; Brazil; WIPO

	Europe	USA	China	Brazil		Europe	USA	China	Brazil
1996	5,781	4,099	41	3	2005	9,177	6,477	2,165	9
1997	6,347	4,771	54	18	2006	11,109	9,214	3,304	32
1998	5,769	5,170	90	4	2007	10,061	6,599	3,432	12
1999	5,913	5,885	179	6	2008	10,500	6,653	3,287	19
2000	5,697	5,631	1,218	7	2009	10,670	6,630	3,869	19
2001	6,660	6,488	1,227	7	2010	11,063	7,675	3,089	26
2002	8,285	7,078	729	19	2011	11,294	8,400	4,751	26
2003	9,871	7,943	1,098	9	2012	12,353	9,826	4,674	28
2004	10,111	7,770	1,911	27	2013	12,060	10,438	4,342	50
Total						162,721	126,747	39,460	321

Period		Europe	USA	China	Brazil
	2014e	12,456	9,425	5,189	41
	2015e	12,692	9,651	5,529	45
	2016e	12,908	9,872	5,872	49
	2017e	13,107	10,090	6,220	54
	2018e	13,286	10,304	6,571	58
Relative Variation $V R_{y} = \frac{y_{x + 5} - y_{x}}{y_{x}}$	09-2013	13%	57%	12%	163%
	2014-2018	7%	9%	27%	41%

	Europe	USA	China	Brazil		Europe	USA	China	Brazil
1996	3,498	2,548	129	0	2005	3,755	2,835	3,286	3
1997	3,952	3,357	156	0	2006	4,078	3,804	4,187	4
1998	3,560	3,885	213	0	2007	4,415	3,411	4,361	1
1999	3,657	4,230	342	0	2008	4,765	3,390	4,195	16
2000	3,431	3,998	1,506	6	2009	4,901	3,652	4,836	81
2001	3,343	4,421	1,531	5	2010	4,592	5,133	5,820	114
2002	3,937	4,581	1,118	2	2011	4,890	5,088	9,010	82
2003	4,236	4,247	1,752	3	2012	4,849	6,034	9,900	39
2004	3,917	3,167	3,071	4	2013	4,875	6,980	10,372	101
Total						74,651	74,761	65,785	461

Period		Europe	USA	China	Brazil
	2014e	5,257	6,506	11,529	115
	2015e	5,423	6,995	12,845	133
	2016e	5,596	7,520	14,234	151
	2017e	5,777	8,081	15,696	170
	2018e	5,965	8,678	17,231	191
Relative Variation $V R_{y} = \frac{y_{x + 5} - y_{x}}{y_{x}}$	09-2013	-5%	91%	114%	25%
	2014-2018	13%	33%	49%	66%

Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Engenharia de Produção , Caixa Postal 676 , 13.565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3351 8471 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: gp@dep.ufscar.br

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[1] Criteria used: Indicator: 5- Patent grants by technology; Type: Total count by applicant´s origin; Technology: 16 – Pharmaceuticals. Source: Developed by the authors based on WIPO (2015)World Intellectual Property Organization – WIPO. (2015). Recuperado em 5 de fevereiro de 2015, de http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.html
http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.html... .