The use of active modified atmosphere for the conservation of minimally processed eggplant

Nasser, Mauricio D; Mariano-Nasser, Flávia Aparecida C; Borges, Cristine V; Kovalski, Tânia Regina; Furlaneto, Karina Aparecida; Vieites, Rogério L

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620180403

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620180403 copy

The use of active modified atmosphere for the conservation of minimally processed eggplant

Atmosfera modificada ativa na conservação de berinjela minimamente processada

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to evaluate effects of different gas concentrations (O₂ and CO₂) on conservation of minimally processed eggplants. The eggplants were sanitized, processed and packed in nylon + transparent polyethylene. The vegetables were submitted to modified atmospheres (T1= atmospheric air; T2= vacuum; T3= 4% O₂ and 5% CO₂; T4= 4% O₂ and 6% CO₂; T5= 4% O₂ and 7% CO₂; T6= 4% O₂ and 8% CO₂). The minimally processed eggplants were kept at 5±1°C and 90±1% RH, for 10 days. After 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of storage, fresh weight loss, respiratory rate, color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, visual analysis and purchase intent were determined. We used completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme 6x6 (atmosphere x days of conservation). The atmosphere with higher CO₂ concentration (8%) reduced the respiratory rate more intensely. The minimally processed eggplant maintained at 4% O₂ + 6% CO₂ obtained better grades on the visual analysis and purchase intention, with 10-day storage period. The vacuum was not recommended to keep minimally processed eggplant refrigerated under the studied conditions.

Keywords:
Solanum melongena; quality; storage

Treatments	Mass loss (%)
	Days of storage
	0	2	4	6	8	10	Mean
Control	0	0.05	0.05	0.09	0.11	0.07	0.06 ab
Vacuum	0	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.05	0.09	0.02 b
4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	0	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.12	0.16	0.06 ab
4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	0	0.07	0.06	0.10	0.16	0.22	0.10 a
4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	0	0.04	0.27	0.12	0.12	0.17	0.12 a
4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	0	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.06	0.10	0.03 b
CV (%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	67.0
Treatments	pH
	Days of storage
	0	2	4	6	8	10	Mean
Control	4.38	4.88	5.02	5.25	5.18	5.12	4.97 a
Vacuum	4.38	4.56	4.71	4.77	4.57	4.57	4.59 bc
4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	4.38	4.44	4.54	4.88	4.60	4.89	4.62 bc
4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	4.38	4.59	4.70	4.96	4.85	4.78	4.71 b
4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	4.38	4.63	4.62	4.72	5.02	4.70	4.68 bc
4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	4.38	4.53	4.57	4.60	4.48	4.58	4.52 c
CV (%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.6

Variable	Treatment	Equation (x= storage)	R²
Soluble solids (%)	Control	Y= 5.13 - 0.224x + 0.013x²	0.49
	Vacuum	Y= 5.13 - 0.519x + 0.092x²- 0.005x³	0.84
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	Y= 5.06 - 0.249x + 0.015x²	0.89
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	Y= 5.04 - 0.553x + 0.117x²- 0.007x³	0.75
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	Y= 5.06 - 0.638x + 0.121x²- 0.007x³	0.87
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	Y= 4.91 - 0.119x	0.82
Titratable acidity (g of citric acid 100 g^-1)	Control	Y= 0.33 - 0.08x + 0.011x² - 0.0005x³	0.91
	Vacuum	Y= 0.34 - 0.08x + 0.012x² - 0.0006x³	0.66
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	Y= 0.34 - 0.04x + 0.002x²	0.70
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	Y= 0.33 - 0.05x + 0.003x²	0.86
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	Y= 0.33 - 0.05x + 0.004x²	0.83
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	Y= 0.33 - 0.05x + 0.003x²	0.83
Maturation index	Control	Y= 15.95 + 3.92x - 0.22x²	0.88
	Vacuum	Y= 15.21 + 3.28x - 0.27x²	0.42
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	Y= 15.63 + 1.18x	0.48
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	Y= 14.26 + 4.43x - 0.31x²	0.69
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	Y= 14.23 + 4.07x - 0.28x²	0.62
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	Y= 14.71 + 3.66x - 0.31x²	0.69

Variable	Treatment	Equation (x= storage)	R²
Peel luminosity	Control	ns	ns
	Vacuum	Y= 26.42 - 0.367x + 0.162x²	0.89
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	ns	ns
Peel chroma	Control	ns	ns
	Vacuum	Y= 5.96 + 0.154x + 0.181x²	0.92
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	ns	ns
Pulp chroma	Control	ns	ns
	Vacuum	Y= 24.79 - 0.959x + 0.590x²- 0.05x³	0.94
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	ns	ns
Peel color	Control	ns	ns
	Vacuum	Y= 2.72 - 1.151x + 2.841x² - 0.200x³	0.86
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	Y= 4.30 + 3.597x - 0.347x²	0.78
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	ns	ns
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	Y= 0.587 + 7.939x - 0.745x²	0.42
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	Y= 0.683 + 6.599x - 0.579x²	0.41

Variable	Treatment	Equation (x= storage)	R²
Visual analysis (grades)	Control	Y= 5.00 - 1.129x + 0.217x² - 0.013x³	0.99
	Vacuum	Y= 4.99 - 1.37x + 0.182x² - 0.007x³	0.99
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	Y= 4.99 - 0.996x + 0.142x² - 0.007x³	0.95
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	Y= 5.00 - 0.821x + 0.141x² - 0.007x³	0.99
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	Y= 5.00 - 0.800x +0.151x² - 0.009x³	0.99
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	Y= 4.89 - 0.323x + 0.016x²	0.95
Purchase intention (grades)	Testemunha	Y= 5.00 + 1.196x - 0.232x² + 0.014x³	0.99
	Vácuo	Y= 5.00 + 1.374x - 0.185x² - 0.009x³	0.99
	4% O₂ + 5% CO₂	Y= 4.94 - 0.666x + 0.041x²	0.96
	4% O₂ + 6% CO₂	Y= 4.95 - 0.504x + 0.038x²	0.85
	4% O₂ + 7% CO₂	Y= 4.94 - 0.370x + 0.018x²	0.94
	4% O₂ + 8% CO₂	Y= 5.00 - 0.811x + 0.145x² - 0.009x³	0.99

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