Tomato grafting on rootstock of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba

Guimarães, Marcelo de A; Garcia, Manuel Filipe N; Tello, Jean Paulo de J; Lemos, Hozano de S; Lima, Benedito P; Rabelo, Janiquelle da S

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620190203

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 37 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620190203 copy

Tomato grafting on rootstock of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba

Enxertia do tomateiro sobre porta-enxertos de jiló, cubiu e jurubeba

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Grafting has been considered an important tool to produce tomato in adverse environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop grafting protocols for tomato on rootstocks of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba. The work was carried out in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (3x2) + 1 with three grafting methods (slant-cut grafting, cleft grafting and splice grafting), combined with two graft ages and rootstocks (depending on the species), and the control. The rootstocks for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Santa Clara were: 1) Jilo (S. gilo) cv. Comprido Grande Rio; 2) Cocona (S. sessiliflorum) and 3) Jurubeba (S. jamaicense). The methods were individually studied and the graft length (GL); chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ in pre and post-grafting; graft diameter (GD), pre-grafting and tissue union of the grafted individuals through the assignment of grades were evaluated. Seven days after grafting, evaluations of grafted plants were performed. It was possible to establish a grafting protocol for all the combinations. The rootstock of Cocona provided greater vigor to ‘Santa Clara’ tomato graft. The cleft grafting technique can be indicated as the most effective for tomato grafting on the studied Solanaceae species.

Keywords:
Solanum lycopersicum; cleft grafting; propagation; fresh tomato

Chlorophyll ‘a’ (unit)
DAS	Splice grafting	Slant-cut grafting	Cleft grafting	Self-rooted	Mean
18/23	21.23 bA	22.63 aA	23.00 aA	23.00 aA	22.46 A
23/28	20.27 bA	20.37 bB	22.79 aA	23.83 aA	21.81 A
Mean	20.75 b	21.50 b	22.89 a	23.41 a
CV (%) = 5.94
Chlorophyll ‘b’ (unit)
18/23	3.07 bA	3.51 aA	3.66 aA	3.44 aA	3.42 A
23/28	2.77 bA	3.29 aA	3.44 aA	3.46 aA	3.24 A
Mean	2.92 b	3.40 a	3.55 a	3.45 a
CV (%) = 10.09
Graft length (GL.cm)
18/23	4.63 aA	4.49 aA	4.51 aA	4.86 aA	4.62 A
23/28	3.97 aB	4.51 aA	4.01 aA	4.09 aA	4.15A
Mean	4.30 a	4.50 a	4.26 a	4.47 a
CV (%) = 10.13
Grafting success (%)
18/23	1.86 cB	3.00 bB	5.00 aA	5.00 aA	3.71 B
23/28	4.14 bA	4.14 bA	5.00 aA	5.00 aA	4.57 A
Mean	3.00 c	3.57 b	5.00 a	5.00 a
CV (%) = 10.18

Chlorophyll ‘a’ (unit)
DAS	Splice grafting	Slant-cut grafting	Cleft grafting	Self-rooted	Mean
23/56	21.86 aA	18.24 bA	22.70 aA	21.90 aA	21.17 A
28/61	0.00	0.00	17.98 bB	21.38 aA	19.68 A
Mean	21.86 a	18.24 a	20.34 a	21.64 a
CV (%) = 12.26
Chlorophyll ‘b’ (unit)
23/56	3.86 aA	3.08 bA	4.42 aA	3.96 aA	3.83 A
28/61	0.00	0.00	2.54 aB	3.36 aA	2.95 B
Mean	3.86 a	3.08 a	3.48 a	3.66 a
CV (%) = 18.94
Graft length (GL, cm)
23/56	4.62 aA	3.68 bA	4.74 aB	4.16 bA	4.30 A
28/61	0.00	0.00	5.70 aA	3.78 bA	4.74 A
Mean	4.62 a	3.68 b	5.22 a	3.97 b
CV (%) = 13.82
Grafting success (%)
23/56	4.60 aA	3.80 bA	5.00 aA	5.00 aA	4.60 A
28/61	0.00	0.00	4.00 bB	5.00 aA	4.50 A
Mean	4.60 a	3.80 b	4.50 a	5.00 a
CV (%) = 13.87

Chlorophyll ‘a’ (unit)
DAS	Splice grafting	Slant-cut grafting	Cleft grafting	Self-rooted	Mean
17/58	22.76 aA	23.34 aA	21.44 aA	23.78 aA	22.83 A
28/67	20.56 aA	20.34 aB	19.84 aA	23.00 aA	20.93 B
Mean	21.66 a	21.84 a	20.64 a	23.39 a
CV (%) = 10.46
Chlorophyll ‘b’ (unit)
17/58	3.60 aA	3.80 aA	3.10 bB	4.22 aA	3.68 A
28/67	3.50 bA	3.50 bA	4.08 aA	4.40 aA	3.87 A
Mean	3.55 a	3.65 a	3.59 a	4.31 a
CV (%) = 13.99
Graft lenght (GL, cm)
17/58	3.50 bA	4.16 aA	4.16 aA	2.76 cA	3.64 A
28/67	3.56 bA	4.48 aA	4.10 aA	2.76 cA	3.72 A
Mean	3.53 b	4.32 a	4.13 a	2.76 c
CV (%) = 10.62
Grafting success (%)
17/58	5.0 aA	5.0 aA	5.0 aA	5.0 aA	5.0 A
28/67	3.0 bB	3.0 bB	5.0 aA	5.0 aA	4.0 B
Mean	4.0 b	4.0 b	5.0 a	5.0 a
CV (%) = 13.38

Chlorophyll ‘a’ (unit)
DAS	Splice grafting	Slant-cut grafting	Cleft grafting	Self-rooted	Mean
28/78	20.36 aA	0.00	23.60 aA	20.98 aA	21.65 A
33/83	0.00	0.00	0.00	19.38 aA	19.38 A
Mean	20.36 a	0.00	23.60 a	20.18 a
CV (%) = 16.26
Chlorophyll ‘b’ (unit)
28/78	2.96 bA	0.00	4.08 aA	3.10 bA	3.38 A
33/83	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.82 aA	2.82 A
Mean	2.96 b	0.00	4.08 a	2.96 b
CV (%) = 20.77
Graft length (GL, cm)
28/78	5.98 aA	0.00	6.58 aA	5.20 aA	5.92 A
33/83	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.52 aA	4.52 B
Mean	5.98 a	0.00	6.58 a	4.86 b
CV (%) = 19.18
Grafting success (%)
28/78	4.20 bA	0.00	5.00 aA	5.00 aA	4.78 A
33/83	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.00 aA	5.00 A
Mean	4.20 b	0.00	5.00 a	5.00 a
CV (%) = 13.05

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[TFN1] DAS= days after sowing; Means followed by different lowercase letters in the rows and capital letters in the column, differ among themselves, Scott-Knott test (5%).