Three different organic materials were tested at the UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil, as substrate for growing tomatoes in soilless culture. Humus originated from the digestion of organic materials by earthworms, rice husk, and a commercial substrate "Plantmax Folhosas" were used. Two successive cycles of tomato plants were evaluated, by replacing old plants with young ones after the first cycle of the crop. Rice husk was compared solely in a homogeneous form and as a mixture with soil in a 50% basis. Substrates were characterized by physical parameters of bulk density, wetness and through calculation of the volumetric water content and maximum capacity of water retention. Quality of substrates was evaluated by measuring growth and yield of two successive tomato crops, in the Autumn and the Spring of 1997. Comparisons between humus and the commercial substrate showed similar physical characteristics, while volumetric water content of rice husk was about 50% lower. This difference was reduced when soil was added to the rice husk. Growth of tomato plants on rice husk was lower and fruit yield achieved a maximum value of 56% of that observed on the two other substrates. Humus, the commercial substrate "Plantmax Folhosas" and the mixture of rice husk with soil may be used successfully for growing tomatoes in soilless culture.
Lycopersicon esculentum; yield; fertigation; growth
