Genetic divergence in basil cultivars and hybrids

Alves, Rodrigo P; Silva, Ana Veruska C; Almeida-Pereira, Camila S; Costa, Tatiana S; Alvares-Carvalho, Sheila V; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fatima; Blank, Arie F

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620190208

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 37 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620190208 copy

Genetic divergence in basil cultivars and hybrids

Divergência genética observada entre cultivares e híbridos de manjericão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Basil is an aromatic herb that stands out for its economic importance. It is consumed in natura and used to obtain essential oil. The cultivation of this species in several regions of the world has allowed variations by natural crosses and euploidy, leading to the wide genetic variability found nowadays. Considering the importance of this species, we aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 27 basil genotypes using ISSR molecular markers. Fourteen primers were employed for DNA amplification, resulting in 86% polymorphism. Based on the Jaccard’s dissimilarity index, the highest index (0.80) was observed between the individuals BAS001 and BAS012, while the lowest index (0.18) was detected between the genotypes BAS014 and BAS015. The genetic similarity among individuals was calculated, forming four distinct clusters. Most individuals (40.7%) were allocated in cluster I. The polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.89) indicated considerable levels of genetic diversity among genotypes. In this sense, the ISSR markers were efficient in the detection of polymorphisms between the accessions, suggesting the genetic variability of the collection. This result demonstrates the importance of the use of molecular markers and the advantages that this information provides to the breeding of the species.

Keywords:
Ocimum basilicum; diversity; molecular characterization; dominant marker

Code	Cultivar/hybrid	Scientific name	Origin/Company
BAS001	Anise	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS002	Ararat	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS003	Cinnamon	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS004	Dark Opal	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS005	Edwina	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS006	Elidia	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS007	Envigor	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS008	Gecofure	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS009	Genovese	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS010	Green Globe	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS011	Italian Large Leaf	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS012	Magical Michael	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS013	Mrs. Burns	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS014	Napoletano	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS015	Nufar F1	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS016	Osmin	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS017	Purple Ruffles	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS018	Red Genovese	Ocimum basilicum	Richters
BAS019	Sweet Dani	Ocimum x citriodorum	Richters
BAS020	Grecco a Palla	Ocimum basilicum	ISLA (n° 479)
BAS021	Italian Large Leaf	Ocimum basilicum	ISLA (n° 488)
BAS022	Italian Large Red Leaf	Ocimum basilicum	ISLA (n° 489)
BAS023	Limoncino	Ocimum basilicum	ISLA (n° 499)
BAS024	Red Rubin Purple Leaf	Ocimum basilicum	ISLA (n° 491)
BAS025	Maria Bonita	Ocimum basilicum	UFS
BAS026	Sweet Dani x Genovese	Ocimum basilicum	Hybrid 1
BAS027	Cinnamon x Maria Bonita	Ocimum basilicum	Hybrid 2

Primer	Sequence (5’-3’)	Length (bp)	Annealing temperature (°C)	Total bands	Polymorphic bands	Polymorphism (%)
UBC810	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AT	50-500	54.8	11	9	81.8
UBC811	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AC	150-650	46.8	9	7	77.8
UBC813	CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TT	200-750	44.6	9	8	88.9
UBC815	CTC TTC TCT CTC TCT CTG	200-900	47.6	9	7	77.8
UBC823	TCT CTC TCT CTC TCT CC	150-750	57.2	10	10	100.0
UBC827	ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CG	100-750	57.2	10	9	90.0
UBC835	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GYC	50-900	58.8	11	9	81.8
UBC841	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AYC	50-600	58.8	14	13	92.9
UBC856	ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CYA	100-750	56.5	12	10	83.3
UBC857	ACA CAC ACA CAC ACY G	100-900	58.8	9	7	77.8
UBC860	TGT GTG TGT GTG TGT GRA	200-750	46.9	8	7	87.5
UBC861	ACC ACCACCACCACCACC	150-1000	64.5	13	12	92.3
UBC862	AGC AGCAGCAGCAGCAGC	100-1000	64.5	11	10	90.9
UBC866	CTC CTCCTCCTCCTCCTC	250-900	55.7	11	9	81.8
Total				147	127	86.0

	Plant (BAS)
Plant	001	002	003	004	005	006	007	008	009	010	011	012	013	014	015	016	017	018	019	020	021	022	023	024	025	026
BAS002	0.56
BAS003	0.56	0.34
BAS004	0.54	0.34	0.30
BAS005	0.54	0.38	0.25	0.26
BAS006	0.51	0.41	0.39	0.42	0.28
BAS007	0.48	0.35	0.32	0.34	0.24	0.28
BAS008	0.52	0.37	0.34	0.38	0.28	0.35	0.22
BAS009	0.55	0.39	0.31	0.31	0.27	0.31	0.27	0.23
BAS010	0.57	0.50	0.45	0.46	0.40	0.36	0.29	0.36	0.33
BAS011	0.55	0.46	0.41	0.39	0.26	0.30	0.27	0.29	0.31	0.26
BAS012	0.80	0.49	0.45	0.43	0.53	0.54	0.47	0.51	0.51	0.52	0.52
BAS013	0.62	0.46	0.42	0.36	0.43	0.50	0.48	0.40	0.48	0.51	0.43	0.52
BAS014	0.56	0.35	0.40	0.31	0.34	0.43	0.33	0.41	0.38	0.45	0.40	0.53	0.41
BAS015	0.57	0.34	0.28	0.22	0.26	0.42	0.24	0.31	0.30	0.40	0.34	0.44	0.41	0.18
BAS016	0.54	0.41	0.44	0.40	0.40	0.39	0.40	0.46	0.36	0.45	0.44	0.47	0.45	0.35	0.33
BAS017	0.67	0.40	0.36	0.40	0.36	0.45	0.36	0.35	0.41	0.43	0.41	0.51	0.47	0.34	0.24	0.40
BAS018	0.60	0.42	0.35	0.33	0.39	0.45	0.41	0.46	0.40	0.46	0.43	0.48	0.46	0.34	0.31	0.38	0.29
BAS019	0.65	0.50	0.46	0.44	0.48	0.54	0.47	0.51	0.48	0.53	0.47	0.57	0.39	0.47	0.47	0.52	0.43	0.41
BAS020	0.62	0.52	0.39	0.46	0.38	0.42	0.43	0.46	0.44	0.37	0.34	0.52	0.48	0.46	0.43	0.51	0.44	0.38	0.44
BAS021	0.57	0.40	0.34	0.36	0.26	0.38	0.24	0.35	0.36	0.41	0.33	0.46	0.46	0.34	0.27	0.46	0.37	0.35	0.40	0.40
BAS022	0.59	0.45	0.38	0.36	0.32	0.40	0.30	0.37	0.38	0.44	0.33	0.42	0.50	0.35	0.29	0.41	0.41	0.32	0.48	0.41	0.24
BAS023	0.59	0.44	0.43	0.38	0.43	0.48	0.44	0.45	0.45	0.55	0.47	0.53	0.40	0.44	0.42	0.54	0.44	0.47	0.34	0.50	0.41	0.46
BAS024	0.52	0.41	0.39	0.33	0.35	0.32	0.36	0.37	0.33	0.42	0.39	0.45	0.43	0.35	0.33	0.32	0.36	0.38	0.44	0.42	0.33	0.38	0.36
BAS025	0.60	0.39	0.35	0.36	0.31	0.37	0.35	0.37	0.34	0.48	0.42	0.51	0.41	0.39	0.33	0.45	0.36	0.41	0.44	0.43	0.32	0.39	0.39	0.26
BAS026	0.48	0.48	0.49	0.44	0.47	0.50	0.49	0.54	0.44	0.51	0.52	0.55	0.42	0.52	0.51	0.52	0.56	0.50	0.41	0.50	0.49	0.54	0.40	0.42	0.35
BAS027	0.54	0.43	0.42	0.32	0.40	0.46	0.45	0.46	0.39	0.52	0.46	0.53	0.35	0.45	0.44	0.47	0.46	0.35	0.38	0.44	0.43	0.44	0.36	0.40	0.36	0.34

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