Yield performance and agro-economic efficiency of radish-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density

Sá, Jolinda Mércia de; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Queiroga, Roberto Cleiton F de; Chaves, Aridênia P; Lima, Jailma SS de; Santos, Elizangela C dos; Nunes, Renato Leandro C; Guerra, Natan M; Lino, Vitor Abel da S

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-20220206

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 40 (2) • Apr-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220206 copy

Yield performance and agro-economic efficiency of radish-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density

Desempenho produtivo e eficiência agroeconômica do consórcio rabanete-rúcula sob adubação verde e densidade de plantio

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The cultivation of radish with arugula in strip-intercropped systems is growing in semi-arid environments. The great challenge has been to assess whether there is agro-economic efficiency in the intercrops when fertilized with plant biomass of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and economic viability of radish and arugula strip-intercrops fertilized with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera biomass equitable amounts from the Caatinga biome at different population densities of arugula at two cropping years. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor was constituted by four biomass equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha^-1 on a dry basis), and the second factor by the population densities of arugula plants [40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single crop (RDSC)] intercropped with 100% of the radish RDSC. The highest agro-economic advantages of radish and arugula intercropping were obtained for a land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 0.55 and 1.35, respectively, for M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass amounts of 54.75 and 54.55 t ha^-1 added to the soil. The arugula population density of 100% of the RDSC provided the greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropped system of radish with arugula with LEC and MER of 0.58 and 1.33, respectively. The use of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass from the Caatinga biome, proved to be a viable technology for producers who practice the cultivation of radish and arugula in intercropped systems in a semi-arid environment. The concern of the farmer regarding the preservation of natural resources, as well as with the search for a better quality of life, circumvents the possible limitations that the environment may offer in a given intercropping crop. The option by intercropping system can provide to producers viable alternatives to optimize the planted area, in addition to greater productivity and economic stability of activities on the rural property.

Keywords:
Eruca sativa; Raphanus sativus; Merremia aegyptia; Calotropis procera; productive and economic optimization

Sources of variation	PH	NLP	FMS	DMR	TDR	LDR	PCR
Y	17.61^**	47.41^**	8.16^**	49.01^**	0.57^ns	37.41^**	90.64^**
Y x A	0.24^ns	0.20^ns	2.63^ns	1.50^ns	0.08^ns	1.32^ns	5.91^*
Y x D	1.05^ns	0.90^ns	1.33^ns	0.50^ns	1.32^ns	0.72^ns	4.50^*
A x D	1.38^ns	1.26^ns	1.76^ns	0.33^ns	0.59^ns	0.86^ns	2.03^*
Y x A x D	0.65^ns	0.69^ns	1.57^ns	0.83^ns	0.40^ns	1.07^ns	1.30^ns
M vs I	0.18^ns	1.03^ns	343.22^**	305.22^**	1.03^ns	8.26^**	23.82^**
Y x M vs I	0.50^ns	2.96^ns	3.18^ns	2.66^ns	0.29^ns	1.55^ns	11.00^**
Cropping seasons	Mean values
2018	18.38 a	6.14 a	1.08 a	0.10 b	3.14 b	4.27 a	5.42 b
2019	16.50 b	5.45 b	0.96 b	0.13 a	3.40 a	4.21 a	7.05 a
Cropping systems							Cropping years
Cropping systems							1	2
Intercropping	17.26 a*	5.79 a	1.02 b	0.11 b	3.27 b	4.24 a	5.45 bB	7.16 aA
Monocropping	17.44 a	6.00 a	2.40 a	0.27 a	3.53 a	4.40 a	8.16 aA	7.57 aA
CV (%)	15.55	9.43	18.49	19.58	10.33	7.65	14.43

Sources of variation	PH	NLP	GMY	DMS
Y	123.64^**	33.16^**	2.04^ns	37.39^**†
Y x A	2.25^ns	0.27^ns	0.61^ns	1.50^ns
Y x D	0.68^ns	1.42^ns	1.61^ns	1.50^ns
A x D	2.22^**	0.29^ns	2.36^**	2.50^*
Y x A x D	1.67^ns	1.74^ns	1.57^ns	1.28^ns
M vs I	4.42^**	0.01^ns	51.14^**	10.50**
Y x M vs I	0.60^ns	1.99^ns	1.37^ns	3.50^ns
Cropping seasons	Mean values
2018	14.52 b	6.35 b	3.78 a	0.057 b
2019	17.74 a	6.92 a	3.51 a	0.076 a
Cropping systems
Intercropping	13.50 b	7.02 a*	3.65 b	0.070 b
Monocropping	14.85 a	7.32 a	6.06 a	0.150 a
CV (%)	10.34	12.06	24.37	25.96

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[TFN1] ^† ** = P <0.01; * = P <0.05; ns = P >0.05. *Means followed by different lowercase letters in a column or uppercase in a row differ statistically from each other by the F test at 5% probability level. A: Amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass; D: Population densities of arugula; Y: Cropping years; M vs I: Monocropping vs Intercropping.