Figure 1
Morphological variation of flowers and fruits within the genera of the Malpighioid clade. a. flower in frontal view of Ectopopterys soejartoi. b. samara in side view of Ectopopterys soejartoi. c. flower in frontal view of Amorimia maritima. d. samara in dorsal view of Amorimia maritima. e. flower in frontal view of Mascagnia cordifolia. f. samara in dorsal view of Mascagnia sepium. g. flower in frontal view of Calcicola sericea. h. samara in dorsal view of Calcicola sericea. i. flower in frontal view of Malpighia fucata. j. drupes in dorsal view of Malpighia fucata. k. flower in frontal view of Aspidopterys canariensis. l. samara in dorsal view of Aspidopterys concava. m. flower in frontal view of Triaspis glaucophylla. n. samara in dorsal view of Triaspis glaucophylla. o. flower in frontal view of Rhynchophora phillipsonii. p. samaras in side view of Rhynchophora phillipsonii. q. flower in frontal view of Madagasikaria andersonii. r. samara in dorsal view of Madagasikaria andersonii. s. flower in side view of Microsteira pluriseta. t. samara in dorsal view of Microsteira sp. (photographs a-b by D.D. Soejarto, c-d by F. Flores, e by R. Sartin, f by M.O.O. Pellegrini, g-h by M.R. Pace, i-j by P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, k by D. Valke, l by L. Pok, m by B. Pilenaar, n by L. Ann, o-r and t by C.C. Davis, s. by L. Nusbaumer).
Figure 2
Amorimia distribution in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (red) of South America.
Figure 3
Natural populations of Amorimia pubiflora in pastures of Central Brazil. a. lianescent habit of an individual growing over a fence. b. resprouts growing on a pasture near cattle. c. stolons. d. closer image of resprouts of the same individual growings near each other due to its stolons (photographs by E. Moletta).
Figure 4
Several habitats occupied by species of Amorimia in South America. a. dry forests from the Jequitinhonha River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. b. dry forests from the Valledupar valley, Colombia. c. seasonally dry forests from Itamarajú, Bahia, Brazil. d. rainforests from Purus river basin, Acre, Brazil. e. dry forests from Itaberaba, Bahia, Brazil. f. seasonally dry forests from Paraná river, triple borders of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. g. seasonally dry forests of Mayo river, Peru. h. dry forests of São Francisco river, Bahia, Brazil. i. dry forests from costal plains in Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. j. rainforests from Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil (photographs a, e, f, h, j by R.F. Almeida, b by G. Barros, c by A.M.A. Amorim, d by H. Medeiros, g by A.R. Silva, i by M.O.O. Pellegrini).
Figure 5
Indumentum and hair types in Amorimia. a. sericeousvelutine indumentum of A. kariniana, evidencing T and V-shaped hairs. b. different shapes of T and V hairs. c. unicellular hairs with rugae in their cell walls. d. side view of V-shaped hairs (images a-b by Karin Weishaar Douthit, c by Grisebach 1858Grisebach, A.H.R. 1858. Malpighiaceae. In: C.F.P. Martius. Flora Brasiliensis 12: 1-92., d by A.C. Marques).
Figure 6
Position and shape of stipules in Amorimia. a. triangular, epipetiolar stipule. b. narrow-triangular, intrapetiolar stipules (drawings by Karin Weishaar Douthit).
Figure 7
Leaf shapes in Amorimia subg. Amorimia. a. Amorimia rigida (R.F. Almeida 561, HUEFS). b. Amorimia pellegrinii (R.F. Almeida 614, HUEFS). c. Amorimia candidae (R.F. Almeida 594, HUEFS). d. Amorimia andersonii (L.C. Marinho 654, CEPEC). e. Amorimia exotropica (R.F. Almeida 549, HUEFS). f. Amorimia velutina (Shepherd 4409, UEC). g. Amorimia coriacea (R.F. Almeida 615, HUEFS). h. Amorimia maritima (P. Salzmann s.n., G).
Figure 8
Leaf shapes in Amorimia subg. Uncinae. a. Amorimia pubiflora (A. Pott 10411, CGMS). b. Amorimia septentrionalis (R.F. Almeida 800, HUEFS). c. Amorimia amazonica (P. Ule 9478, MG). d. Amorimia camporum (Campos 3266, NY). e. Amorimia concinna (Castaneda 9292, NY). f. Amorimia kariniana (Haught 3070, NY). g. Amorimia tumida (M.N. Coelho 2794, HUEFS).
Figure 9
Inflorescence architecture in Amorimia. a. panicles of Amorimia coriacea. b. thyrsi of Amorimia kariniana. c. panicle and thyrsi of Amorimia rigida. d. thyrse bearing a pair of reduced leaves at base, and opposite to spirally alternate 1-flowered cincinni. e. 1-flowered cincinnus. f. 1-flowered cincinnus showing the peduncle bearing a bract at base and a pair of bracteoles at apex, and the pedicel bearing the flower. g. side view of a bract with a gland. h. bracteole in adaxial view evidencing two glands. i. bracteole in side view showing a gland (drawings a and f-i by Grisebach, b-c by Karin Weishaar Douthit, d-e by R.F. Almeida).
Figure 10
Indumenta and shape of sepals in Amorimia. a. sepal in abaxial view. b. sepal in side view showing an elaiophore. c. sepal in abaxial view showing rounded apex. d. sepal sericeous-velutine in adaxial view. e. sepal in abaxial view showing acute apex. f. sepal glabrous in adaxial view (drawings a-b by Grisebach, c-f by Karin Weishaar Douthit).
Figure 11
Color of elaiophores in Amorimia subg. Amorimia. a. green - Amorimia andersonii. b. yellow - Amorimia coriacea. c. orange - Amorimia candidae. d. red - Amorimia maritima. Color of elaiophores in Amorimia subg. Uncinae: e. green - Amorimia amazonica. f. ocher - Amorimia camporum. g. green - Amorimia pubiflora. h. green - Amorimia septentrionalis (photographs a by F. Michelangeli, b, h by M.O.O. Pellegrini, d by F. Flores, e by H. Medeiros, f by R.F. Almeida, g by E. Moletta).
Figure 12
Shape of petals from Amorimia subgenus Amorimia (posterior petal/posterio-lateral petal/anterio-lateral petal). a. Amorimia andersonii. b. Amorimia candidae. c. Amorimia coriacea. d. Amorimia exotropica. e. Amorimia maritima. f. Amorimia pellegrinii. g. Amorimia rigida. h. Amorimia velutina (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 13
Shape of petals from Amorimia subgenus Uncinae (posterior petal/posterio-lateral petal/anterio-lateral petal). a. Amorimia amazonica. b. Amorimia camporum. c. Amorimia concinna. d. Amorimia kariniana. e. Amorimia pubiflora. f. Amorimia septentrionalis (drawings a-c, e-f by Klei Sousa, d by Karin Weishaar Douthit).
Figure 14
Androecium morphology (the first stamen to the left is always the stamen opposite the anterior sepal) in Amorimia subg. Amorimia. a. Amorimia andersonii. b. Amorimia candidae. c. Amorimia coriacea. d. Amorimia exotropica. e. Amorimia maritima. f. Amorimia pellegrinii. g. Amorimia rigida. h. Amorimia velutina. Androecium morphology in Amorimia subg. Uncinae: i. Amorimia amazonica. j. Amorimia camporum. k. Amorimia concinna. l. Amorimia kariniana. m. Amorimia pubiflora. n. Amorimia septentrionalis (drawings a-k, m-n by Klei Sousa, l by Karin Weishaar Douthit).
Figure 15
Indumentum arrangement in anthers. a. glabrous. b. pubescent at base. c. pubescent at base and apex. d. pubescent at base and apex. e. pubescent at base, connective and apex (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 16
Gynoecium morphology of Amorimia subg. Amorimia. a. Amorimia andersonii. b. Amorimia candidae. c. Amorimia coriacea. d. Amorimia exotropica. e. Amorimia maritima. f. Amorimia pellegrinii. g. Amorimia rigida. h. Amorimia velutina. Gynoecium morphology of Amorimia subg. Uncinae: i. Amorimia amazonica. j. Amorimia camporum. k. Amorimia concinna. l. Amorimia kariniana. m. Amorimia pubiflora. n. Amorimia septentrionalis. o. style with uncinate apex. p. style with truncate apex (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 17
Samara morphology of Amorimia subg. Amorimia. a. Amorimia candidae. b. Amorimia coriacea. c. Amorimia exotropica. d. Amorimia exotropica. e. Amorimia maritima. f. Amorimia maritima. g. Amorimia pellegrinii. h. Amorimia rigida. i. Amorimia velutina. Samara morphology of Amorimia subg. Uncinae: j. Amorimia amazonica. k. Amorimia camporum. l. Amorimia concinna. m. Amorimia pubiflora. n. Amorimia septentrionalis. o. Amorimia tumida (photographs a, c, e, g, h, i by R.F. Almeida, d, f, j, k, l, m by W.R. Anderson, b by C.N. Fraga, o by M.N. Coelho).
Figure 18
Seed and embryo morphology in Amorimia. a. nut in side view showing an embryo with cotyledons folded. b. seed in side view showing a smooth testa. c. embryo showing its cotyledons folded (a,c by A. Grisebach, b by R.F. Almeida).
Figure 19
Distribution map of species from the Amorimia subg. Amorimia. ● - Amorimia exotropica. ○ - Amorimia rigida. ▲ - Amorimia coriacea. Δ - Amorimia candidae. ■ - Amorimia velutina. □ - Amorimia maritima. Black star - Amorimia pellegrinii. White star - Amorimia andersonii. Pink - Pampa, dark green - Atlantic Forest, violet - Caatinga, light green - Amazon Forest, and yellow - Chaco/Pantanal.
Figure 20
Amorimia andersonii R.F. Almeida: a. flowering branch. b. leaf in abaxial view. c. leaf base showing a pair of glands. d. flower in frontal view. e. detail of the apex of a style (photographs a, c and d by F. Michelangeli, b and e by R.F. Almeida).
Figure 21
Amorimia candidae R.F. Almeida: a. habit. b. flowering branch showing conduplicate leaves. c. flower in frontal view. d. floral bud in side view. e. floral bud in frontal view. f. detail of a glandular bract. g. samara in dorsal view. h. winged mericarps showing the dorsal wing with rounded angles (white arrows) (photographs by R.F. Almeida).
Figure 22
Amorimia andersonii R.F. Almeida: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa). Amorimia candidae R.F. Almeida: h. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 23
Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F. Almeida: a. habit. b. stem. c. inflorescence and floral buds in side view. d. flower in frontal view. e. samara in side view (photographs by M.O.O. Pellegrini).
Figure 24
Amorimia exotropica (Griseb.) W.R. Anderson: a. habit and stem. b. inflorescence. c. detail of the inflorescence bracteoles. d. fruiting branch. e. fruit in frontal view (photographs a-b by A. Gava, c-e by R.F. Almeida).
Figure 25
Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F. Almeida: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa). Amorimia exotropica (Griseb.) W.R. Anderson: h. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 26
Amorimia maritima (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: a. leaf in abaxial view. b. flowering branch. c. detail of an inflorescence and flowers. d. floral bud in side view. e. flower in frontal view. f. samara in frontal view (photographs a, f by R.F. Almeida, b-e by F. Flores).
Figure 27
Amorimia maritima (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson from state of Bahia: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of an anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa). Amorimia maritima (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson from state of Espírito Santo: h. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen showing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 28
Amorimia pellegrinii R.F. Almeida: a. leaf in abaxial view. b. inflorescence and flowers. c. bract and bracteoles. d. flower in frontal view. e. fruiting branch (photographs by R.F. Almeida).
Figure 29
Amorimia rigida (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: a. fruting branch. b. inflorescence and flowers. c. flower in frontal view. d. floral bracts. e. areole in side view. f. samara in adaxial view. g. samara in abaxial view showing the areole. h. detail of the dorsal wing. i. seed (photographs a-f by R.F. Almeida, g-i by M.O.O. Pellegrini).
Figure 30
Amorimia pellegrinii R.F. Almeida: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa). Amorimia rigida (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: h. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of an anterio-lateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 31
Amorimia velutina W.R. Anderson: a. leaf in abaxial view. b. detail of the inflorescence and flowers. c. floral bud. d. flower in frontal view. e. samara in dorsal view. f. samara in frontal view showing the areole (photographs a-d by L.C. Marinho, e-f by W. R. Anderson).
Figure 32
Amorimia velutina W.R. Anderson. a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa). Amorimia amazonica (Nied.) W.R. Anderson: h. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 33
Distribution map of Amorimia subg. Uncinae. ● - Amorimia septentrionalis. ○ - Amorimia amazonica. ▲ - Amorimia pubiflora. Δ - Amorimia tumida. ■ - Amorimia kariniana. □ - Amorimia camporum. Black star - Amorimia concinna. Pink - Pampa, dark green - Atlantic Forest, violet - Caatinga, light green - Amazon Forest, and yellow - Chaco/Pantanal.
Figure 34
Amorimia amazonica (Nied.) W.R. Anderson: a. habit. b. floral bud in side view. c. flower in side view. d. flower in frontal view. e. samara in dorsal view (photographs a-d by H. Medeiros, e by D. Daly).
Figure 35
Amorimia camporum W.R. Anderson: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa). Amorimia concinna (C.V. Morton) W.R. Anderson: h. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of a anterio-lateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 36
Amorimia kariniana W.R. Anderson: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. adaxial side of a posterior petal. c. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. d. abaxial side of an anterio-lateral petal. e. androecium. f. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. g. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa and Karin Weishaar Douthit). Amorimia pubiflora (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: h. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. i. adaxial side of a posterior petal. j. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. k. abaxial side of a anteriolateral petal. l. androecium. m. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. n. gynoecium (drawings by Klei Sousa).
Figure 37
Amorimia pubiflora (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: a. flowering branch. b. inflorescence and flowers. c. floral buds with ocher indumenta. d. floral bud showing bract and bracteoles. e. flower in frontal view. f. detail of the androecium and gynoecium. g. samara in frontal view (photographs by E. Moletta).
Figure 38
Amorimia septentrionalis W.R. Anderson: a. leaf in abaxial view. b. flowering branch. c. inflorescence. d. flower in frontal view. e. samara in frontal view. f. detail of the areole (photographs a, c-f by M.O.O. Pellegrini; b by M. Alves).
Figure 39
Amorimia tumida R.F. Almeida & A.C. Marques: a. leaf in adaxial view. b. samara in side view showing the tumid pedicel. c. samara in frontal view (photographs by M.N. Coelho).
Figure 40
Amorimia septentrionalis W.R. Anderson: a. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern. b. detail of the abaxial side of a leaf evidencing a pair of glands. c. sepals. d. adaxial side of a posterior petal. e. adaxial side of a posterio-lateral petal. f. detail of the indumentum on the abaxial side of lateral petals. g. abaxial side of an anterio-lateral petal. h. androecium. i. detail of a stamen evidencing anther hairs. j. gynoecium. k. detail of the uncinate apex of a style (drawings by Klei Sousa and Karin Weishaar Douthit). Amorimia tumida R.F. Almeida & A.C. Marques: l. abaxial side of a leaf evidencing vein pattern and a pair of glands. m. uncinate apex of a style (drawings by Klei Sousa).
