This study aimed to analyze the changes in the demographic and social characteristics of the country and to discuss the challenge for developing public policies, using data from information systems and interviews with actors of social policies and healthcare in Brazil. A reduction was observed in fertility, natality and mortality rates with an increased life expectancy at birth, representing the third stage of demographic transition. An investment in health and education was identified as essential for the country to take advantage of this moment. There was a significant reduction in poverty, but in 2012, it still accounted for 15.9% of the population, a compelling reason for the maintenance, expansion and qualification of income transfer programs. The demographic transition provides opportunities for the development of policies that allows universal access to education, health and employment and that overcome the challenges of the country.
Demographic transition; Formulation of policies; Health services needs and demands
