This is a study on medical education that focuses on pediatrics teaching in primary care. The aim is to analyze the contribution of the discipline of Social and Community Pediatrics in the 4th year of the Medicine undergraduate course at the Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista. This qualitative research was based on a case study. The analysis was grounded on the social-historical approach, according to Vygotsky's studies. We found out what the supervisors considered to be relevant learning to their contribution to the mediation process so that students can learn about work at primary health care, something that they would not be able to reach by themselves. The interviews with the doctors revealed signification nuclei which are common to all these actors: the importance of the diversification of teaching scenarios, learning the main health problems, integral childcare with emphasis on the bond, and the student's opportunity to learn about health promotion.
Medical education; Pediatrics; Primary health care; Case studies