Vieira et al.,1111 Vieira A, Melo C, Machado J, Joaquim Gabriel. Virtual reality exercise on a home-based phase III cardiac rehabilitation program, effect on executive function, quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2018;13(2):112-23. 2017 |
G1 = home CVR + KinectG2 = home CVR + booklet G3 = usual care |
N = 33G1 = 11G2 = 11G3 = 11 |
To assess the effect of a home-based phase III CVR specific exercise program, for 6 months, on changes in executive function, quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress of individuals with CAD. |
Compared G1 x G2 x G3G1 = Specific Kinect software G2 = Booklet with exercisesG3 = Guidance on risk factors and encouragement of walking |
G1 showed better performance regarding executive function, mainly in conflict resolution and attention. |
Brouwers et al.,1212 Brouwers RW, Kraal JJ, Traa SC, Spee RF, Oostveen LM, Kemps HM. Effects of cardiac telerehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease using a personalised patient-centred web application: protocol for the SmartCare-CAD randomised controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):46. 2017 |
CG = CVR at a centerIG = home-based telerehabilitation |
N = 300GC = 150GI = 150 |
To compare cardiac telerehabilitation with conventional CVR, regarding behavior change and physical activity level in patients with CAD. |
IG: Web App for patients to adjust their rehabilitation goals, inspect their trainings and physical activity data; such data are shared, and video consultation is available; heart rate monitor; accelerometer. |
Telerehabilitation using modern technology and behavior change strategies results in better long-term physical activity levels as compared to conventional CVR for patients with CAD. |
Piotrowicz et al.,1515 Piotrowicz E, Piotrowski W, Piotrowicz R. Positive effects of the reversion of depression on the sympathovagal balance after telerehabilitation in heart failure patients. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2016;21(4):358-68. 2015 |
CG = control TG = home-based telerehabilitation |
N = 111GC = 77GT = 34 |
To assess the influence of reversion of depression (Beck score) and physical capacity improvement (VO2 peak) in patients with CAD. |
TG: 5-10-minute warm-up, Nordic training (walking) for 15-45min, and 5-minute cool-down. Patients trained 5 times per week, for 8 weeks, and received an instrument for data transmission through the cellular phone. CG: No exercise prescription. All participants were instructed on healthy lifestyle. |
Home-based rehabilitation using telerehabilitation resulted in reversion of depression and improvement in physical capacity of patients with CHF. |
Bernocchi et al.,1616 Bernocchi P, Vitacca M, La Rovere MT, Volterrani M, Galli T, Baratt D, et al. Home-based telerehabilitation in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2018;47(1):82-88. 2017 |
IG = intervention/telerehabilitation groupCG = control group |
N = 112GI = 56GC = 56 |
To assess the feasibility and efficacy of an integrated home-based telerehabilitation program in patients with COPD + CHF. |
IG: weekly phone calls, instructions/lifestyle, supervised exercise with oximeter;CG: medications, O2 and visits, instructions on how to practice the exercise of their choice, without supervision. |
The IG increased the walked distance, while the CG showed no significant improvement. MRC dyspnea scale and Barthel index improved in IG as compared to CG in 4 months. IG kept the benefits acquired for 6 months. This 4-month telerehabilitation program was feasible and effective for patients with COPD and CHF. |
Szalewska et al.,1313 Szalewska D, Zielinski P, Tomaszewski J, Kusiak-Kaczmarek M, Lepska L, Gierat-Haponiuk K, et al. Effects of outpatient followed by home-based telemonitored cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease. Kardiol Pol. 2015;73(11):1101-7. 2015 |
CRD = cardiac rehabilitation with DMCCR = cardiac rehabilitation without DM |
N = 125RCD = 37RCC = 88 |
To compare the effects of HCR in patients with CAD with and without DM. |
Both groups trained for 10 days at the rehabilitation center, received instructions, and then passed to home-based rehabilitation, during which they were monitored with tele-ECG and trained with supervised exercises. The device enabled recording ECG data from 3 precordial leads and their transmission through a cellular phone network to the monitoring center. A cellular phone was also used for daily voice communication between the patient and the doctor who asked about the patient's health status. |
HCR was effective for patients with DM. Adherence to HCR was high. Patients with DM had higher rates of obesity and significantly lower tolerance to exercise than those without DM. Patients of both groups had similar benefits regarding physical capacity, heart rate at rest and heart rate recovery. |
Korzeniowska-Kubacka et al.,1717 Korzeniowska-Kubacka I, Bilinska M, Dobraszkiewicz-Wasilewska B, Piotrowicz R. Hybrid model of cardiac rehabilitation in men and women after myocardial infarction. Cardiol J. 2015;22(2):212-8. 2015 |
Men after AMI: 57Women after AMI: 30 |
N = 87 |
To compare the influence of HCR on the physical capacity, safety, adherence and return to work of post-AMI male and female patients. |
Ten rehabilitation sessions were performed at the center, and the others at home with tele-ECG monitoring. Before and after the trainings, all patients underwent a symptom-limited exercise stress test. The evaluation included the results of exercise tests. |
HCR resulted in a comparable improvement in physical capacity in post-AMI low-risk male and female patients. Although HCR facilitated patients' adherence to the training program, their return to work was significantly greater only in post-AMI men. |
Piotrowicz et al.,1818 Piotrowicz E, Korzeniowska-Kubacka I, Chrapowicka A, Wolszakiewicz J, Dobraszkiewicz-Wasilewska B, Batogowski M, et al. Feasibility of home-based cardiac telerehabilitation: results of TeleInterMed study. Cardiol J. 2014;21(5):539-46. 2014 |
Telerehabilitation Group: all participants practiced 3 days at a center and 4 months at home. |
N = 365 |
To assess the implementation and feasibility of a wide home-based cardiac telerehabilitation program for patients with CVD, as well as its safety, and the patients' acceptance and adherence to the program. |
Participants underwent a 4-week HCR based on walking, Nordic walking or cycle ergometer training. They were monitored via telephone with a device to record ECG and to transmit data via cellular phone to the monitoring center. Automatic ECG recording was pre-defined and coordinated. The influence on physical capacity was assessed by comparing the changes in: time of the exercise test, functional capacity, distance in 6-minute walk test at the beginning and end of the program. All participants used an APP for ECG and BP transmission. |
HCR resulted in a significant improvement in all parameters. It is a feasible and safe form of rehabilitation, well accepted by patients. The adherence to HCR was high and promising. |