Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly: A Review

Oliveira, Carolina Cunha de; Costa, Emanuelle Dias da; Roriz, Anna Karla Carneiro; Ramos, Lilian Barbosa; Gomes, Mansueto

doi:10.5935/2359-4802.20170059

Carolina Cunha de Oliveira Mailing Address: Carolina Cunha de Oliveira, Rua Conego José Felix de Olieira, 485, Ap 10. Postal Code: 49035-170, Coroa do Meio, Aracaju, SE - Brazil. E-mail: carol_cunh@yahoo.com.br, carol_cunh104@hotmail.com

Programa de Pós-Graduação Medicina e Saúde - Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), BA

Universidade Federal de Sergipe, SE

Emanuelle Dias da Costa

Residência em Nutrição Clínica - UFBA

Anna Karla Carneiro Roriz

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde- UFBA, Salvador, BA - Brazil

Lilian Barbosa Ramos

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde- UFBA, Salvador, BA - Brazil

Mansueto Gomes Neto

Programa de Pós-Graduação Medicina e Saúde - Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), BA

Mailing Address: Carolina Cunha de Oliveira, Rua Conego José Felix de Olieira, 485, Ap 10. Postal Code: 49035-170, Coroa do Meio, Aracaju, SE - Brazil. E-mail: carol_cunh@yahoo.com.br, carol_cunh104@hotmail.com

Author contributions

Conception and design of the research: Oliveira CC, Roriz AKC, Ramos LB, Gomes Neto M. Acquisition of data: Oliveira CC, Costa ED. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Oliveira CC, Roriz AKC, Ramos LB, Gomes Neto M. Statistical analysis: Oliveira CC. Obtaining financing: Ramos LB. Writing of the manuscript: Oliveira CC, Costa ED, Gomes Neto M. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Oliveira CC, Roriz AKC, Ramos LB, Gomes Neto M.

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Authors and publication year (Ref. nº.)	City, country	Number of participants (W, M)	Age range (years)	Indicator	Criteria for MetS diagnosis
Gharipour et al. 2014 ⁵5 Gharipour M, Sadeghi M, Dianatkhah M, Bidmeshgi S, Ahmadi A, Tahri M, et al. The Cut-Off Values of Anthropometric Indices for Identifying Subjects at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Elderly Men. J Obes. 2014;2014:1-6.	Isfahan, Iran	206 men	71.85±5.44	BMI, WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. , WHR, and WHtR	2 or more factors of NCEP ATPIII without WC
Liang et al. 2013 ⁷7 Liang H, Chen X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Y, et al. The metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in rural canton: prevalence, associated factors, and the optimal obesity and atherogenic indices. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74121.	Canton, China	4706 women	≥ 50	WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. , WHR, WHtR, BMI	Harmonized criteria for MetS
Yan et al. 2014 ⁸8 Yan Q, Sun D, Li X, Zheng Q, Li L, Gu C, et al. Neck circumference is a valuable tool for identifying metabolic syndrome and obesity in Chinese elder subjects: a community-based study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(1):69-76.	Shanghai,China	2092 subjects(1121 W, 971 M)	≥ 65	NC	Harmonized criteria for MetS
Guasch-Ferré et al. 2012 ⁹9 Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Covas M-I, et al. Waist-to-height ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular Rrsk. PLoS One .2012; 7(8):e43275.	Spain	7447 subjects	M: 55-80 W: 60-80	WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. , WHR, WHtR, BMI	Harmonized criteria for MetS
Chu et al. 2012 ¹¹11 Chu F-L, Hsu C-H, Jeng C. Low predictability of anthropometric indicators of obesity in metabolic syndrome (MS) risks among elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;55(3):718-23.	Taipei, Taiwan	2848 women	≥65	BMI, WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. , WHR and WHtR	IDF without WC
Gharipour et al. 2013 ¹²12 Gharipour M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M, Andalib E, Talaie M, Shafie D, et al. Predictors of metabolic syndrome in the iranian population: waist circumference, body mass index, or waist to hip ratio? Cholesterol. 2013;2013:198384.	Isfahan, Iran	468 subjects(232 W; 236 M)	> 60	WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. , BMI, WHR	NCEP ATPIII
Zeng et al. 2014 ¹³13 Zeng Q, He Y, Dong S, Zhao X, Chen Z, Song Z, et al. Optimal cut-off values of BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio for defining obesity in Chinese adults. Br J Nutr. 2014;112(10):1735-44.	China	221270 subjects (84014 W; 137256 M)	45-79	BMI, WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. , WHtR	2 or more factors
Paula et al. 2012 ¹⁴14 Paula HA A, Ribeiro RCL, Rosado LE, Abranches MV, Franceschini S C. Classic anthropometric and body composition indicators can predict risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60(4):264-71.	Viçosa, Brazil	113 women	60-83	BMI, WC^† † at the level of the umbilicus. , WHR, SS	NCEP ATPIII without WC
Risérus et al. 2010 ¹⁶16 Risérus U, de Faire U, Berglund L, Hellénius M-L. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a screening tool in clinical research: cut-offs for cardiometabolic risk. J Obes. 2010;Pii:757939.	Stockholm, Sweden	4032 subjects(2096 W; 1936 M)	≥ 60	SAD, BMI, WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. and WHR	Cardiometabolic risk score
Sharda et al. 2014 ¹⁷17 Sharda M, Nagar D, Soni A. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. J Indian Acad Geriatr. 2014 Mar;10:5-9.	Kota, India	400 subjects(200 W, 200 M)	60-90	SAD	IDF
Aoi et al. 2014 ¹⁸18 Aoi S, Miyake T, Harada T, Ishizaki F, Ikeda H, Nitta Y, et al. Neck circumference has possibility as a predictor for metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2014;63(4):27-32.	Mihara, Japan	64 women	63.6 ± 7.1	BMI, %BF, WC^† † at the level of the umbilicus. and NC	MetS components
Limpawattana et al. 2016 ¹⁹19 Limpawattana P, Manjavong M, Sopapong R. Can neck circumference predict metabolic syndrome? An experience from a university community. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(1):8-15.	Khon Kaen, Thailand	587 subjects(386 W, 201 M)	≥ 50	NC	NCEP ATPIIIand IDF
Hoebel et al. 2012 ²⁰20 Hoebel S, Malan L, de Ridder JH. Determining cut-off values for neck circumference as a measure of the metabolic syndrome amongst a South African cohort: the SABPA study. Endocrine. 2012;42(2):335-42.	North West ProvinceSouth Africa	409 subjects(207 W, 202 M)	25-65	NC, WC^* * plane the midpoint between the lower costal rib and the iliac crest, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk.	IDF
Liu et al. 2013 ²¹21 Liu P, Ma F, Lou H, Liu Y. The utility of fat mass index vs. body mass index and percentage of body fat in the screening of metabolic syndrome. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:629.	Beijing, China	1698 subjects(593 W; 1689 M)	20-79	BMI, FMI and %BF	NCEP ATPIII

Authors and publication year (Ref. nº.)	Indicator	Men				Women
Authors and publication year (Ref. nº.)	Indicator	AUC (95% CI)	Cut-off point	Sens (%)	Spec (%)	AUC (95% CI)	Cut-off point	Sens (%)	Spec (%)
Gharipour et al. 2014 ⁵5 Gharipour M, Sadeghi M, Dianatkhah M, Bidmeshgi S, Ahmadi A, Tahri M, et al. The Cut-Off Values of Anthropometric Indices for Identifying Subjects at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Elderly Men. J Obes. 2014;2014:1-6.	WC	0.683 (0.606-0.761)	94.5 cm	64.0	68.0
	WHR	0.645 (0.563-0.727)	0.96	6.0	69.0
	BMI	0.641 (0.561-0.722)	26.65 kg/m²	48.0	76.0
	WHtR	0.680 (0.602-0.758)	58.66	52.0	79.0
Liang et al. 2013 ⁷7 Liang H, Chen X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Y, et al. The metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in rural canton: prevalence, associated factors, and the optimal obesity and atherogenic indices. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74121.	WC					0.76	79.5 cm	72.7	76.7
	WHR					0.70	0.86	62.8	72.1
	WHtR					0.74	0.53	67.6	72.9
	BMI					0.71	22.47 kg/m²	64.8	67.3
Yan et al. 2014 ⁸8 Yan Q, Sun D, Li X, Zheng Q, Li L, Gu C, et al. Neck circumference is a valuable tool for identifying metabolic syndrome and obesity in Chinese elder subjects: a community-based study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(1):69-76.	NC	0.76	> 38 cm	80.0	55.0	0.73	> 35 cm	75.0	67.0
Guasch-Ferré et al. 2012 ⁹9 Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Covas M-I, et al. Waist-to-height ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular Rrsk. PLoS One .2012; 7(8):e43275.	WHtR	0.74 (0.72-0.75)
	WC	0.72 (0.71-0.73)	Presented results without stratification by sex
	BMI	0.69 (0.68-0.70)
Chu et al. 2012 ¹¹11 Chu F-L, Hsu C-H, Jeng C. Low predictability of anthropometric indicators of obesity in metabolic syndrome (MS) risks among elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;55(3):718-23.	WHtR					0.66 (0.58-0.74)	0.54	70	70
	WC					0.68 (0.60-0.76)	82.4 cm	75	69
	WHR					0.63 (0.56-0.71)	0.84	58	72
	BMI					0.58 (0.50-0.68)	24.4 kg/m²	78	60
Gharipour et al. 2013 ¹²12 Gharipour M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M, Andalib E, Talaie M, Shafie D, et al. Predictors of metabolic syndrome in the iranian population: waist circumference, body mass index, or waist to hip ratio? Cholesterol. 2013;2013:198384.	WC	0.78 (0.70-0.85)	92.0cm	81.4	55.8
	WHR	0.76 (0.68-0.83)	0.93	82.9	52.3	Presented results without stratification by sex
	BMI	0.77 (0.70-0.84)	28.8 kg/m²	80.0	61.6
Zeng et al. 2014 ¹³13 Zeng Q, He Y, Dong S, Zhao X, Chen Z, Song Z, et al. Optimal cut-off values of BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio for defining obesity in Chinese adults. Br J Nutr. 2014;112(10):1735-44.	BMI	0.640 (0.648-0.666)^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 0.665 (0.654-0.675)^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	24.2 kg/m² ^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 23.3 kg/m² ^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	69.171.7	54.352.3	0.637 (0.624-0.650)^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 0.665 (0.648-0.682)^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	23,3 kg/m²23,5 kg/m²	70.465.3	49.759.9
	WC	0.640 (0.631-0.654)^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 0.646 (0.636-0.657)^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	83.5 cm82.3 cm	74.374.0	45.847.3	0.641 (0.628-0.645)^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 0.668 (0.651-0.685)^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	78,5 cm78,5 cm	65.270.1	55.654.7
	WHtR	0.645 (0.636-0.654)^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 0.651 (0.641-0.662)^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	0.520.50	62.371.9	58.450.2	0.640 (0.627-0.653)^⸗ ⸗ 60-69 years; 0.659 (0.642-0.676)^¶ ¶ 70-79 years.	0,490,52	76.065.2	44.559.6
Paula et al. 2012 ¹⁴14 Paula HA A, Ribeiro RCL, Rosado LE, Abranches MV, Franceschini S C. Classic anthropometric and body composition indicators can predict risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60(4):264-71.	WC					0.694 (0.600-0.777)	92.0 cm	80	58.2
	BMI					0.619 (0.523-0.708)	25.4 kg/m²	66.7	55.1
	WHR					0.752 (0.662-0.829)	0.98	80	59.2
	SS					0.669 (0.574-0.726)	108 mm	66.7	64.3
Risérus et al. 2010 ¹⁶16 Risérus U, de Faire U, Berglund L, Hellénius M-L. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a screening tool in clinical research: cut-offs for cardiometabolic risk. J Obes. 2010;Pii:757939.	SAD	0.80 (0.77-0.82)	22.2 cm			0.77 (0.75-0.80)	20.1 cm
	WC	0.78 (0.75-0.80)	100 cm			0.77 (0.75-0.80)	88.4 cm
	WHR	0.74 (0.71-0.77)	0.97			0.76 (0.74-0.79)	0.82
	BMI	0.78 (0.76-0.81)	27.9 kg/m²			0.74 (0.72-0.77)	27.6 kg/m²
Sharda et al. 2014 ¹⁷17 Sharda M, Nagar D, Soni A. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. J Indian Acad Geriatr. 2014 Mar;10:5-9.	SAD		> 22 cm	88.0	83.0		> 20 cm	87.0	80.0
Aoi et al. 2014 ¹⁸18 Aoi S, Miyake T, Harada T, Ishizaki F, Ikeda H, Nitta Y, et al. Neck circumference has possibility as a predictor for metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2014;63(4):27-32.	NC	NC was associated with BMI (r = 0.747, p < 0.0001), %BF (r = 0.715, p < 0.0001), TG (r = 0.276, p = 0.028), decrease in HDLc (r = -0.401, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (r = 0.298, p = 0.019), HOMA-R and leptin (r = 0.488, p < 0.001)
Limpawattana et al. 2016 ¹⁹19 Limpawattana P, Manjavong M, Sopapong R. Can neck circumference predict metabolic syndrome? An experience from a university community. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(1):8-15.	NC	0.84 (0.79-0.90)^‡ ‡ IDF Criteria; 0.71 (0.64-0.78)^§ § NCEP ATP III Criteria;	> 39 cm^‡ ‡ IDF Criteria;	70.89	81.15	0.79 (0.75-0.84)^‡ ‡ IDF Criteria; 0.77(0.72-0.82)^§ § NCEP ATP III Criteria;	> 33 cm^‡ ‡ IDF Criteria;	86.54	59.39
Hoebel et al. 2012 ²⁰20 Hoebel S, Malan L, de Ridder JH. Determining cut-off values for neck circumference as a measure of the metabolic syndrome amongst a South African cohort: the SABPA study. Endocrine. 2012;42(2):335-42.	NC	0.70 (0.50-1.00)^* * Older African group; 0.70 (0.60-0.90)^† † Older caucasian group;	> 35 cm^* * Older African group; > 41 cm^† † Older caucasian group;			0.60 (0.40-0.80)^* * Older African group; 0.80 (0.70-0.90)^† † Older caucasian group;	> 35 cm^* * Older African group; > 33 cm^† † Older caucasian group;
Liu et al. 2013 ²¹21 Liu P, Ma F, Lou H, Liu Y. The utility of fat mass index vs. body mass index and percentage of body fat in the screening of metabolic syndrome. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:629.	BMI	0.904 (0.882-0.925)	27.45 kg/m²	80.6	84.3	0.869 (0.869-0.928)	23.85 kg/m²	92.7	72.9
	BF	0.883 (0.859-0.908)	23.95%	84.1	7.8	0.855 (0.818-0.892)	31.35%	77.1	81.4
	FMI	0.920 (0.900-0.940)	7.00 kg/m²	80.2	86.9	0.898 (0.869-0.927)	7.90 kg/m²	78.9	85.7

Authors and publication year (Ref. nº.)	City, country	Number of participants	Age range (anos)	Indicator	Criteria for MetS diagnosis
Liang et al. 2013 ⁷7 Liang H, Chen X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Y, et al. The metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in rural canton: prevalence, associated factors, and the optimal obesity and atherogenic indices. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74121.	Canton, China	4706 women	≥ 50	TG/HDL, HDL/TC, HDL/LDL	Harmonized criteria for MetS
Arthur et al. 2012 ¹⁰10 Arthur FKN, Adu-Frimpong M, Osei-Yeboah J, Mensah FO, Owusu L. Prediction of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal Ghanaian women using obesity and atherogenic markers. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:101.	Kumasi, Ghana	250 women	20-78	TG/HDL, HDL/TC	Harmonized criteria for MetS
Tellechea et al. 2009 ²²22 Tellechea ML, Aranguren F, Martinez-Larrad MT, Serrano-Rios M, Taverna MJ, Frechtel GD. Ability of lipid accumulation product to identify metabolic syndrome in healthy men from Buenos Aires. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):e85.	Buenos Aires, Argentina	601 men	18-65	LAP	NCEP ATPIII
Taverna et al. 2011 ²³23 Taverna MJ, Martinez-Larrad MT, Frechtel GD, Serrano-Rios M. Lipid accumulation product: a powerful marker of metabolic syndrome in a healthy population. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164(4):559-67.	Province of Segovia, Central Spain	768 subjects (416 W; 352 M)	36-77	LAP, TG/HDL, TG, WC and BMI	NCEP ATPIII vs. IDF
Chiang & Koo 2012 ²⁴24 Chiang J-K, Koo M. Lipid accumulation product: a simple and accurate index for predicting metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese people aged 50 and over. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:78.	Taiwan	513 subjects (247 W; 266 M)	> 50	LAP, WHtR, BMI and WC	MetS criteria for Taiwanese people
Ejike 2011 ²⁵25 Ejike CECC. Lipid accumulation product and waist-to-height ratio are predictors of the metabolic syndrome in a nigerian male geriatric population. J Rural Trop Public Health. 2011;10:101-5.	Abia State, Nigeria	40 men	65-84	LAP, VAI, BMI, WHtR and WHR	IDF
Motamed et al. 2015 ²⁶26 Motamed N, Razmjou S, Hemmasi G, Maadi M, Zamani F. Lipid accumulation product and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in northern Iran, Amol. J Endocrinol Invest. 2016;39(4):375-82.	Amol, Iran	5511 subjects (2392 W; 3119 M)	18-90	LAP, WC, BMI, WHtR, WHR	IDF
Amato et al. 2011 ²⁷27 Amato MC, Giordano C, Pitrone M, Galluzzo A. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index (VAI) identifying a visceral adipose dysfunction associated with cardiometabolic risk in a Caucasian Sicilian population. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:183.	Alcamo, Italy	1764 subjects (1179 W; 585 M)	16-99	VAI	NCEP ATPIII

Authors (Ref. nº.)	Indicators	Men				Women
Authors (Ref. nº.)	Indicators	AUC (95% CI)	Cut-off point	Sens (%)	Spec (%)	AUC (95% CI)	Cut-off point	Sens (%)	Spec (%)
Amato et al. 2010 ⁴4 Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, Criscimanna A, Vitabile S, Midiri M, et al. Visceral Adiposity Index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920-2.	VAI	0.840 (0.98-1.00)^‡ ‡ 52 - 66 years old;	1.93	77.0	82.3	No stratification by sex
	VAI	0.783 (0.73-0.82)^§ § > 66 years old.	2.00	68.5	76.0	No stratification by sex
Liang et al. 2013 ⁷7 Liang H, Chen X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Y, et al. The metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in rural canton: prevalence, associated factors, and the optimal obesity and atherogenic indices. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74121.	TG/HDLc					0.84	0.88	77.7	76.0
	HDLc/TC					0.73	0.73	70.1	64.6
	HDLc/LDLc					0.74	0.68	78.3	65.7
Arthur et al. 2012 ¹⁰10 Arthur FKN, Adu-Frimpong M, Osei-Yeboah J, Mensah FO, Owusu L. Prediction of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal Ghanaian women using obesity and atherogenic markers. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:101.	TG/HDLc					0.80 (0.70-0.90)	0.61	87.2	80.0
	HDLc/TC					0.80 (0.70-0.90)	0.34	96.6	83.3
Tellechea et al. 2010 ²²22 Tellechea ML, Aranguren F, Martinez-Larrad MT, Serrano-Rios M, Taverna MJ, Frechtel GD. Ability of lipid accumulation product to identify metabolic syndrome in healthy men from Buenos Aires. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):e85.	LAP	0.91 (p < 0.05)	53.63	83.0	83.0
Taverna et al. 2011 ²³23 Taverna MJ, Martinez-Larrad MT, Frechtel GD, Serrano-Rios M. Lipid accumulation product: a powerful marker of metabolic syndrome in a healthy population. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164(4):559-67.	LAP	61-70 years old:	> 51.82^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria			61-70 years old:	> 33.28^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria
		0.89 (0.82-0.97)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria				0.79 (0.69-0.90)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria
		0.84 (0.74-0.93)^* * IDF Criteria;				0.78 (0.67-0.89)^Δ
		71-77 years old:				71-77 years old:
		0.89 (0.77-1.01)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria	> 48.09 ^* * IDF Criteria;			0.88 (0.76-0.99)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria	> 31.7^* * IDF Criteria;
		0.91 (0.82-1.00)^* * IDF Criteria;	> 48.09 ^* * IDF Criteria;			0.85 (0.74-0.99)^* * IDF Criteria;	> 31.7^* * IDF Criteria;
	WC	61-70 years old:				61-70 years old:
	WC	0.82 (0.72-0.93)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria				0.78 (0.68-0.87)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria
	BMI	0.85 (0.75-0.95)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria				0.74 (0.63-0.85)^† † NCEP ATP III Criteria
Chiang & Koo 2012 ²⁴24 Chiang J-K, Koo M. Lipid accumulation product: a simple and accurate index for predicting metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese people aged 50 and over. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:78.	LAP	0.916 (0.880-0.953)	31.6	88.0	82.0	0.901 (0.855-0.946)	31.6	66.0	93.0
	WHtR	0.827 (0.762-0.892)				0.819 (0.755-0,883)
	BMI	0.776 (0.709-0.844)				0.793 (0.726-0.859)
	WC	0.825 (0.760-0.890)				0.817 (0.755-0.879)
Ejike 2011 ²⁵25 Ejike CECC. Lipid accumulation product and waist-to-height ratio are predictors of the metabolic syndrome in a nigerian male geriatric population. J Rural Trop Public Health. 2011;10:101-5.	LAP	0.937 (p < 0.05)	43.91	100	81.0
	VAI	0.640	4.44	67.0	84.0
	BMI	0.793	30.47 kg/m²	100	73.0
	WHtR	0.905 (p < 0.05)	0.61	100	78.0
	WHR	0.635	1.08	67.0	76.0
Motamed et al. 2015 ²⁶26 Motamed N, Razmjou S, Hemmasi G, Maadi M, Zamani F. Lipid accumulation product and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in northern Iran, Amol. J Endocrinol Invest. 2016;39(4):375-82.	LAP	0.901 (0.890-0.913)	39.89	86.0	79.6	0.904 (0.892-0.916)	49.71	85.2	82.3
	WC	0.907 (0.897-0.917)				0.782 (0.764-0.801)
	BMI	0.862 (0.849-0.876)				0.701 (0.680-0.722)
	WHtR	0.878 (0.868-0.889)				0.788 (0.769-0.806)
	WHR	0.840 (0.826-0.855)				0.785 (0.766-0.803)

[1] Mailing Address: Carolina Cunha de Oliveira, Rua Conego José Felix de Olieira, 485, Ap 10. Postal Code: 49035-170, Coroa do Meio, Aracaju, SE - Brazil. E-mail: carol_cunh@yahoo.com.br, carol_cunh104@hotmail.com

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Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly: A Review

Abstract