The present study evaluated the water quality in urban water bodies using multivariate statistical techniques. In Sorocaba, São Paulo, ten water bodies were sampled and nine limnological variables were quantified. Irregular disposal of domestic waste and sewage was identified as impacting. Environmental management guidelines are presented.
Keywords:
urban water resources; water quality; multivariate analysis; integrated management; environmental impacts
| Pontos de coleta | Coliformes Termotolerantes (NMP 100ml-1) |
pH | DBO5 (mg L-1) |
Nitrogênio Total (mg L-1) |
Fósforo Total (mg L-1) |
Turbidez (UNT) |
Resíduo Total (mg t-1) |
Oxigênio Dissolvido (% saturação) |
Clorofila-a (µg L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOR | 210.00 ± 45.01 | 7.70 ± 0.80 | 6.10 ± 0.55 | 51.00 ± 0.45 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 8.25 ± 0.05 | 325.00 ± 0.15 | 89.70 ± 1.45 | 22.15 ± 0.01 |
| ZOO | 1600.00 ± 250.02 | 6.60 ± 0.40 | 0.70 ± 0.25 | 75.00 ± 0.85 | 5.50 ± 0.20 | 35.20 ± 0.01 | 286.00 ± 0.35 | 33.85 ± 0.45 | 32.00 ± 0.05 |
| PA | 230.00 ± 120.00 | 9.70 ± 0.90 | 0.70 ± 0.30 | 65.00 ± 0.30 | 0.70 ± 0.01 | 135.00 ± 0.35 | 850.00 ± 0.45 | 67.10 ± 0.55 | 87.60 ± 0.45 |
| CAM | 940.00 ± 169.08 | 6.80 ± 0.60 | 3.30 ± 0.10 | 1.00 ± 0.20 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 24.50 ± 0.10 | 226.00 ± 0.85 | 69.60 ± 0.65 | 34.30 ± 0.01 |
| PAV | 1800.00 ± 500.00 | 6.50 ± 0.50 | 9.80 ± 0.40 | 5.00 ± 0.20 | 0.70 ± 0.05 | 38.40 ± 0.15 | 169.50 ± 0.40 | 105.00 ± 0.70 | 31.00 ± 0.35 |
| JB | 1900.00 ± 450.05 | 7.10 ± 0.50 | 7.40 ± 0.20 | 4.30 ± 0.30 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 11.50 ± 0.05 | 167.00 ± 0.30 | 85.54 ± 0.75 | 39.00 ± 0.45 |
| PNC | 1000.00 ± 258.05 | 7.60 ± 0.52 | 0.30 ± 0.10 | 13.00 ± 0.40 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 117.00 ± 0.95 | 49.00 ± 0.35 | 5.20 ± 0.05 | 54.70 ± 0.50 |
| PRE | 130.00 ± 50.00 | 7.50 ± 0.70 | 9.90 ± 0.20 | 3.00 ± 0.10 | 1.40 ± 0.10 | 49.30 ± 0.35 | 129.50 ± 0.30 | 141.00 ± 0.15 | 53.50 ± 0.55 |
| PKM | 1600.00 ± 500.05 | 6.40 ± 0.60 | 2.10 ± 0.15 | 6.00 ± 0.20 | 6.10 ± 0.05 | 9.60 ± 0.15 | 25.80 ± 0.30 | 5.20 ± 0.25 | 225.40 ± 0.85 |
| CON | 1400.00 ± 450.05 | 6.80 ± 0.40 | 1.80 ± 0.20 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.70 ± 0.01 | 36.40 ± 0.05 | 960.00 ± 0.35 | 83.00 ± 1.50 | 1.70 ± 0.01 |
| Coliformes Termotolerantes | pH | DBO5 | Nitrogênio Total | Fósforo Total | Turbidez | Resíduo Total | Oxigênio Dissolvido | Clorofila-a (µg L-1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coliformes Termotolerantes | 1.00 | ||||||||
| pH | -0.46 | 1.00 | |||||||
| DBO5 | -0.30 | -0.21 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Nitrogênio Total | 0.40 | 0.42 | -0.52 | 1.00 | |||||
| Fósforo Total | 0.97 | -0.40 | -0.35 | 0.41 | 1.00 | ||||
| Turbidez | -0.35 | 0.75 | -0.42 | 0.48 | -0.23 | 1.00 | |||
| Resíduo Total | -0.31 | 0.47 | -0.36 | 0.30 | -0.27 | 0.31 | 1.00 | ||
| Oxigênio Dissolvido | -0.53 | 0.11 | 0.81 | -0.31 | -0.55 | -0.21 | 0.19 | 1.00 | |
| Clorofila-a (µg/L) | 0.59 | -0.01 | -0.28 | 0.07 | 0.66 | 0.05 | -0.27 | -0.53 | 1.00 |
| Carga Fatorial | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Primeiro Componente | Segundo Componente | Terceiro Componente | |
| Coliformes Termotolerantes | 0,6848 | 0,2253 | -0,5151 |
| pH | -0,9196 | 0,0467 | 0,2941 |
| DBO5 | 0,3077 | -0,8245 | 0,2740 |
| Nitrogênio | -0,4557 | 0,6138 | -0,2087 |
| Fósforo | 0,4699 | 0,7390 | 0,0767 |
| Turbidez | -0,7931 | 0,3102 | 0,1434 |
| Resíduo Total | -0,6587 | -0,0065 | -0,4293 |
| OD | -0,1537 | -0,8931 | 0,0177 |
| Clorofila | 0,2926 | 0,6126 | 0,4999 |
| Proporção da Variância | 0,3344 | 0,325 | 0,1264 |
| Variância Acumulada | 0,3344 | 0,6594 | 0,7858 |
Fonte: Elaborado pelos autores, utilizando arquivos vetoriais do IBGE com software ArcGIS 10.4
Fonte: Dados da pesquisa, processados com o uso do R 3.4.