The alien species <i>Stenochrus portoricensis</i> (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae): decreasing the Wallacean shortfall in the New World

The widely distributed species, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, is recorded for the first time from Costa Rica and Venezuela, and new occurrences from Brazil and Colombia are presented. Morphology of spermathecae from 14 localities is compared and illustrated. The need for studies to evaluate the potential status as an invasive species of S. portoricensis is commented on and a distribution map of the species in southern Central America and South America is given.

KEYWORDS
Dry Tropical Forest; Hubbardiinae; invasive species; new records; neotropics

Authorship

Osvaldo Villarreal

. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ; Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Museu Nacional/UFRJBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ; Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

. Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela.Universidad Central de VenezuelaVenezuelaMaracay, Venezuela. Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-3723

Nestor Sánchez

. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, U.L.A., Mérida 5101, Mérida, Venezuela.U.L.AVenezuelaMérida, Venezuela. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, U.L.A., Mérida 5101, Mérida, Venezuela.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-0761

Antonio de Ascenção

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-6100

Leonardo S. Carvalho

. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, BR-343, Km 3.5, 64808-605 Floriano, PI, Brazil. Universidade Federal do PiauíBrazilFloriano, PI, Brazil. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, BR-343, Km 3.5, 64808-605 Floriano, PI, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-5610

Leonardo Delgado-Santa

. Grupo de Investigación Ecdysis, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, Colombia. Universidad del QuindíoColombiaColombia. Grupo de Investigación Ecdysis, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, Colombia.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-6924

Jairo A. Moreno-González

. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, 10024-5192 New York City, NY, U.S.A. American Museum of Natural HistoryU.S.A.New York, NY, U.S.A.. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, 10024-5192 New York City, NY, U.S.A.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5980-1417

osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

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Figs 1, 2.
Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (ICN-Sc), female habitus from Colombia (Girón, Santander department): 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, lateral view.

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Figs 3-10.
Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (ICN-Sc), female from Colombia (Santander): 3, flagellum, dorsal view; 4, flagellum, ventral view; 5, flagellum, lateral view; 6, left pedipalp, ectal view; 7-10, right chelicera, ectal view (AT, additional tooth; G1-7, cheliceral setae groups; Gt, guard tooth; Se, serrula). Figures not scaled.

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Figs 11-24.
Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, spermathecae in dorsal view, from Costa Rica (11), Venezuela (12), Colombia (13-17), Brazil (18-24): 11, Guanacaste, Province of Guanacaste (CIUQ-020368); 12, Laguna de Urao Natural Monument, Lagunillas, Mérida, Mérida state (CAULA-SCH-0011); 13, Girón, department of Santander (ICN-Sc); 14, Regional Natural Park El Vínculo, Buga, department of Valle del Cauca (ICN-Sc); 15, Dagua, department of Valle del Cauca (ICN-Sc); 16, El Hatico farm, El Cerrito, department of Valle del Cauca (MUSENUV 24631); 17, Cali, department of Valle del Cauca; 18, Marabá, state of Pará (CHNUFPI 2147); 19, Camaragibe, state of Pernambuco (CHNUFPI 4072); 20, São Vicente Ferrer, state of Pernambuco (CHNUFPI 1640); 21, Matozinhos, Minas Gerais (ISLA 82136); 22, Paraty, state of Rio de Janeiro (IBSP 196); 23, Rio das Ostras, state of Rio de Janeiro (IBSP 195); 24, Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro (UFMG 8838). Figures not scaled.

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Figs 25-31.
Habitats and live pictures of Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922: 25-27, Laguna de Urao, Mérida, Venezuela. The pink star indicates the collection site; 28, anthropized area, Los Limones Pathway, Cali, Colombia; 29-31, specimens from Los Limones Pathway, Cali, living under stones, sharing microhabitat with woodlice Ethelum americanum (Dollfus, 1896) (Isopoda: Oniscidea).

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Figs 32-34.
Geographical distribution of Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 in South America and part of Central America (mainland and some islands): 32, South America and the southernmost portion of Central America; 33, Colombia; 34, Brazil.

Figs 1, 2. Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (ICN-Sc), female habitus from Colombia (Girón, Santander department): 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, lateral view.

Figs 3-10. Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (ICN-Sc), female from Colombia (Santander): 3, flagellum, dorsal view; 4, flagellum, ventral view; 5, flagellum, lateral view; 6, left pedipalp, ectal view; 7-10, right chelicera, ectal view (AT, additional tooth; G1-7, cheliceral setae groups; Gt, guard tooth; Se, serrula). Figures not scaled.

Figs 11-24. Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, spermathecae in dorsal view, from Costa Rica (11), Venezuela (12), Colombia (13-17), Brazil (18-24): 11, Guanacaste, Province of Guanacaste (CIUQ-020368); 12, Laguna de Urao Natural Monument, Lagunillas, Mérida, Mérida state (CAULA-SCH-0011); 13, Girón, department of Santander (ICN-Sc); 14, Regional Natural Park El Vínculo, Buga, department of Valle del Cauca (ICN-Sc); 15, Dagua, department of Valle del Cauca (ICN-Sc); 16, El Hatico farm, El Cerrito, department of Valle del Cauca (MUSENUV 24631); 17, Cali, department of Valle del Cauca; 18, Marabá, state of Pará (CHNUFPI 2147); 19, Camaragibe, state of Pernambuco (CHNUFPI 4072); 20, São Vicente Ferrer, state of Pernambuco (CHNUFPI 1640); 21, Matozinhos, Minas Gerais (ISLA 82136); 22, Paraty, state of Rio de Janeiro (IBSP 196); 23, Rio das Ostras, state of Rio de Janeiro (IBSP 195); 24, Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro (UFMG 8838). Figures not scaled.

Figs 25-31. Habitats and live pictures of Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922: 25-27, Laguna de Urao, Mérida, Venezuela. The pink star indicates the collection site; 28, anthropized area, Los Limones Pathway, Cali, Colombia; 29-31, specimens from Los Limones Pathway, Cali, living under stones, sharing microhabitat with woodlice Ethelum americanum (Dollfus, 1896) (Isopoda: Oniscidea).

Figs 32-34. Geographical distribution of Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 in South America and part of Central America (mainland and some islands): 32, South America and the southernmost portion of Central America; 33, Colombia; 34, Brazil.

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The alien species <i>Stenochrus portoricensis</i> (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae): decreasing the Wallacean shortfall in the New World

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[1] osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com