Podem barragens afetar a estrutura trófica da ictiofauna? Efeitos de longo prazo na Região Neotropical

Lima, Felipe P. de; Nobile, André B.; Freitas-Souza, Diogo; Carvalho, Edmir D.; Vidotto-Magnoni, Ana P.

Felipe P. de Lima

Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rubião Júnior, s/nº, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (fpl.limao@hotmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-0397

André B. Nobile

Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rubião Júnior, s/nº, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (fpl.limao@hotmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-6415

Diogo Freitas-Souza

Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rubião Júnior, s/nº, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (fpl.limao@hotmail.com)

Edmir D. Carvalho

Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rubião Júnior, s/nº, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (fpl.limao@hotmail.com)

† In memoriam.

Ana P. Vidotto-Magnoni

Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - PR-445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-7019

^†
In memoriam.

Stretch	Locality	Environmental characteristics
Lotic	Angatuba municipality/ Paranapanema River channel.	Important ecotone between fluvial and lacustrine environments (Henry, 2003Henry, R. 2003. Estudo de aplicação em Lagoas marginais ao Rio Paranapanema na zona de sua desembocadura na Represa de Jurumirim. In: Henry, R. ed. Ecótonos nas interfaces dos ecossistemas aquáticos. São Carlos, RiMa Editora , p. 1-128. ) subject to the effects of the flooding pulse (Neiff, 1999Neiff, J. J. 1999. El regimen de pulsos en rios y grandes humedales de Sudamérica. In: Malvarez, A. I. & Kandus, P. eds. Topicos sobre grandes humedales sudamericanos. Montevideo, MVD: ORCYT-MAB (Unesco), p. 97-145.) very attenuated by the water mass of the reservoir body that works as a buffering agent (*Henry et al., 2006*Henry, R.; Panarelli, E. A.; Casanova, S. M. C.; Suiberto, M. R. & Afonso, A. A. 2006. Interações hidrológicas entre lagoas marginais e o rio Paranapanema na zona de sua desembocadura na represa de Jurumirim. In: Nogueira, M.G.; Henry, R. & Jorcin, A. eds. Ecologia de reservatórios: Impactos potenciais, ações de manejo e sistema em cascata. São Carlos, Editora RiMA, p. 57-82.).
Transition	Paranapanema municipality/ Close to the mouth of three tributaries (Jacu, Santo Inácio and Veados rivers), in the old bank of Paranapanema River (Sampaio, 1944Sampaio, T. 1944. Relatório sobre os estudos efetuados nos rios Itapetininga e Paranapanema. Revista do Instituto Geográfico e Geológico 2(3):30-81. ).	Semilentic’s water with a few aquatic macrophytes and high number of decaying trees. Presents oscillation of the water level imposed by the impoundment and the carrying of allochthonous matter and sediment from Paranapanema river and some tributaries.
Lentic	Arandu municipality/ Close to the impoundment zone in the main channel of the Jurumirim Reservoir HPP	Lentic environment and deep water up to 30 m (Henry, 1992Henry, R. 1992. The oxygen deficit in Jurumirim Reservoir (Paranapanema river, São Paulo, Brazil). Japanese Journal of Limnology 53:379-384.). Sediment composed by sand and gravel, a few aquatic macrophytes in the shore area, and some remaining forest.

ORDER / Family / Species	Voucher	Number of analyzed stomachs
ORDER / Family / Species	Voucher	Lotic	Transition	Lentic
CHARACIFORMES
Characidae
Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875)	MZUEL 5676	5	30	35
Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)	MZUEL 5669	10	20	42
Galeocharax knerii (Steindachner, 1879)	LBP 13302	7	7	10
Oligosarcus paranensis Menezes & Géry, 1983	MZUEL 5677	-	-	5
Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858	MZUEL 5665	-	34	69
Curimatidae
Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948)	LBP 13297	21	77	17
Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948)	LBP 13313	39	4	26
Erythrinidae
Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)	MZUEL 5662	-	-	4
Parodontidae
Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner, 1879)	LBP 13316	-	38	85
Anostomidae
Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794)	LBP 13304	9	5	-
Megaleporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837)	LBP 13318	-	6	-
Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner, 1915	LBP 13294	-	-	6
Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858	LBP 13300	-	-	5
Schizodon intermedius Garavello & Britski, 1990	LPB 13311	-	58	-
Schizodon nasutus Kner, 1858	MZUEL 5678	15	79	57
SILURIFORMES
Pimelodidae
Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874)	LBP 13306	-	11	21
Pimelodus maculatus LaCépède, 1803	LBP 13317	6	18	64
Heptapteridae
Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)	LBP 13310	5	-	-
Doradidae
Rhinodoras dorbigny (Kner, 1855)	LBP 7446	30	-	-
PERCIFORMES
Cichlidae
Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831	MZUEL 5671	-	19	-

Species	Acronym	Stretch	Trophic Group	Trophic Category
Species	Acronym	Stretch	Trophic Group	Vegetal	Insects	Fishes	Organic Matter	Crustaceans decapods	Other invertebrates
Astyanax lacustris	Alac	Lotic	Herbivorous	95.87	4.13	-	-	-	-
		Transition	Herbivorous	71.54	20.26	8.20	-	-	-
		Lentic	Herbivorous	86.19	8.39	0.29	4.77	0.36	-
Astyanax fasciatus	Afas	Lotic	Herbivorous	87.90	5.67	-	6.43	-	-
		Transition	Insectivorous	47.34	50.51	-	2.15	-	-
		Lentic	Herbivorous	87.77	5.68	-	5.90	-	0.66
Apareiodon affinis	Aaf	Transition	Detritivorous	11.60	-	-	88.40	-	-
Apareiodon affinis	Aaf	Lentic	Detritivorous	19	-	-	81	-	-
Cyphocharax modestus	Cmod	Lotic	Detritivorous	0.10	-	-	99.90	-	-
		Transition	Detritivorous	0.21	-	-	99.79	-	-
		Lentic	Detritivorous	-	-	-	99.75	-	0.25
Cichla kelberi	Ckel	Transition	Piscivorous	-	0.01	99.99	-	-	-
Galeocharax knerii	Gkne	Lotic	Piscivorous	-	-	100	-	-	-
		Transition	Piscivorous	-	-	100	-	-	-
		Lentic	Piscivorous	-	-	57.20	-	42.80	-
Hoplias malabaricus	Hmal	Transition	Piscivorous	-	0.07	99.93	-	-	-
Iheringichthys labrosus	Ilab	Transition	Insectivorous	27.77	58.61	-	8.17	3.24	2.20
Iheringichthys labrosus	Ilab	Lentic	Detritivorous	2.66	28.32	0.23	59.61	0.55	8.63
Leporinus friderici	Lfri	Lotic	Herbivorous	69.25	-	0.15	30.60	-	-
Leporinus friderici	Lfri	Transition	Herbivorous	97.73	-	-	2.27	-	-
Megaleporinus obtusidens	Mobt	Transition	Omnivorous	34.87	17.15	-	46.47	-	1.51
Leporinus octofasciatus	Loct	Lentic	Herbivorous	83.98	12.18	-	0.88	-	2.95
Leporinus striatus	Lstr	Lentic	Herbivorous	94.89	-	-	5.11	-	-
Oligosarcus paranensis	Opar	Lentic	Carcinophagous	-	2.26	-	-	97.74	-
Pimelodus maculatus	Pmac	Lotic	Insectivorous	10.25	58.30	-	-	-	31.45
		Transition	Omnivorous	22.60	9.60	28.20	25.03	4.95	9.62
		Lentic	Herbivorous	55.61	15.21	18.57	7.04	0.89	2.69
Rhinodoras dorbignyi	Rdor	Lotic	Insectivorous	1.59	91.58	-	3.06	-	3.78
Rhamdia quelen	Rque	Lotic	Piscivorous	5.48	1.04	62.93	0.49	30.06	-
Serrasalmus maculatus	Smac	Transition	Piscivorous	-	0.19	99.81	-	-	-
Serrasalmus maculatus	Smac	Lentic	Piscivorous	0.25	-	99.75	-	-	-
Steindachnerina insculpta	Sinc	Lotic	Detritivorous	0.12	-	-	99.88	-	-
Steindachnerina insculpta	Sinc	Lentic	Detritivorous	1.06	-	-	98.94	-	-
Schizodon intermedius	Sint	Transition	Detritivorous	49.45	-	-	50.55	-	-
Schizodon nasutus		Lotic	Herbivorous	87.18	-	-	12.82	-	-
Schizodon nasutus	Snas	Transition	Detritivorous	35.81	-	-	64.19	-	-
	Lentic	Herbivorous	63.76	-	-	36.24	-	-

[1] ^†
In memoriam.

	Stretch 1	Stretch 2	Stretch 3
Trophic species	10.0	14.0	13.0
Resource	31.0	38.0	34.0
Density resources	3.1	2.7	2.6
Trophic linkages	78.0	140.0	136.0
League density trophic	7.8	10.0	10.5

Brasil

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Podem barragens afetar a estrutura trófica da ictiofauna? Efeitos de longo prazo na Região Neotropical

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