Unsteady Blade Element-Momentum Method Including Returning Wake Effects

Silva, Cláudio Tavares; Donadon, Maurício Vicente

doi:105028/jatm.v5i1.163

ABSTRACT:

The wind energy research has grown substantially in the past few years, considerably fostered by the pursuit for a clean and sustainable energy source. Improvements on the design methods are increasingly needed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of the Loewy's lift deficiency function (LDF), also named Returning Wake Model, coupled with a non-stationary Blade Element-Momentum Method (BEM). The LDF simulates the influence of the wake behind the wind turbine on its capacity to generate power. It is expected that this model reduce the dependency of the several empirical parameters necessary in other wake models which are currently used. Aiming to validate the results obtained in this new approach they are compared with those provided by commercial computational software and they have proven to be very consistent. It is concluded that the method is feasible to be used as an efficient design and optimization tool of upwind horizontal axis wind turbine blades.

KEYWORDS:
Blade element method; Loewy's lift deficiency function; Non stationary BEM; Wind turbine; Wind turbine blade design; Returning wake model

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REFERENCES

Bisplinghoff, R. L., Ashley, H. and Halfman, R. L, 1955, "Aeroelasticity", Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA.
Bramwell, A. R. S., Done, G. and Balmford, D., 1976, "Helicopter Dynamics", Edward Arnold, Great Britain.
Burton,T., 2001, "Wind Energy Handbook", Ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, New York, 624 p.
Carpenter, P.J. and Fridovich, B., 1953, "Effect of A Rapid Blade-Pitch Increase on the Thrust and Induced-Velocity Response of a Full-Scale Helicopter Rotor", NACA TN 3044.
Garrad Hassan & Partners, 2011, "Bladed Theory Manual Version 4.1 Multibody Dynamics", St. Vincent's Works, Silverthome Lane, Bristol BS2 0QD, England.
GL Garrad Hassan, 2012, http://www.gl-garradhassan.com
» http://www.gl-garradhassan.com
Glauert, H., 1935, "Airplane Propellers", Aerodynamic Theory (W.F. Durand, ed.), Div. L, Chapter XI. Berlin:Springer Verlag.
Glauert, H., 1929, "The Force and Moment on an Oscillating Airfoil", Rep. Mem. Aeronaut., Res. Comm., Great Britain, No. 1561.
Hansen, M.O.L., 2007, "Aerodynamics of wind turbines", Earthscan, Camden High Street London, NW1 0JH, UK, 2^nd ed, pp 8-12.
Johnson,W., 1980, "Helicopter Theory", Princeton University Press.
Jones, J.P., 1958, "The Influence of the Wake on the Flutter and Vibration of Rotor Blades", the Aeronaut. Quart., Vol. 9, No 3, pp 258-286.
Leishman, J.G., 2002, "Challenges in Modeling the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines", 21^st ASME Wind Energy Symposium and 40^th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Reno, NV.
Leishman, J.G., 2000, "Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics", Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK.
Loewy, R.G., 1957, "A Two-dimensional Approximation to the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Rotary Wings", J. Aeronaut. Sci. Vol. 24, No 2, pp 81-92.
McGee, R.J. and Beasley, W.D., 1976, "The Aerodynamic Characteristics of An Initial Low-speed Family of Airfoils for General Aviation Applications", NASA TM X-72843, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.
Theodorsen, T., 1935, "General Theory of Aerodynamic Instability and the Mechanism of Flutter", NACA report 496, pp 413-33.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Mar 2013

History

Received
19 Sept 2012
Accepted
07 Feb 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Bisplinghoff, R. L., Ashley, H. and Halfman, R. L, 1955, "Aeroelasticity", Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA.

[2] Bramwell, A. R. S., Done, G. and Balmford, D., 1976, "Helicopter Dynamics", Edward Arnold, Great Britain.

[3] Burton,T., 2001, "Wind Energy Handbook", Ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, New York, 624 p.

[4] Carpenter, P.J. and Fridovich, B., 1953, "Effect of A Rapid Blade-Pitch Increase on the Thrust and Induced-Velocity Response of a Full-Scale Helicopter Rotor", NACA TN 3044.

[5] Garrad Hassan & Partners, 2011, "Bladed Theory Manual Version 4.1 Multibody Dynamics", St. Vincent's Works, Silverthome Lane, Bristol BS2 0QD, England.

[6] GL Garrad Hassan, 2012, http://www.gl-garradhassan.com
» http://www.gl-garradhassan.com

[7] Glauert, H., 1935, "Airplane Propellers", Aerodynamic Theory (W.F. Durand, ed.), Div. L, Chapter XI. Berlin:Springer Verlag.

[8] Glauert, H., 1929, "The Force and Moment on an Oscillating Airfoil", Rep. Mem. Aeronaut., Res. Comm., Great Britain, No. 1561.

[9] Hansen, M.O.L., 2007, "Aerodynamics of wind turbines", Earthscan, Camden High Street London, NW1 0JH, UK, 2^nd ed, pp 8-12.

[10] Johnson,W., 1980, "Helicopter Theory", Princeton University Press.

[11] Jones, J.P., 1958, "The Influence of the Wake on the Flutter and Vibration of Rotor Blades", the Aeronaut. Quart., Vol. 9, No 3, pp 258-286.

[12] Leishman, J.G., 2002, "Challenges in Modeling the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines", 21^st ASME Wind Energy Symposium and 40^th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Reno, NV.

[13] Leishman, J.G., 2000, "Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics", Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK.

[14] Loewy, R.G., 1957, "A Two-dimensional Approximation to the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Rotary Wings", J. Aeronaut. Sci. Vol. 24, No 2, pp 81-92.

[15] McGee, R.J. and Beasley, W.D., 1976, "The Aerodynamic Characteristics of An Initial Low-speed Family of Airfoils for General Aviation Applications", NASA TM X-72843, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.

[16] Theodorsen, T., 1935, "General Theory of Aerodynamic Instability and the Mechanism of Flutter", NACA report 496, pp 413-33.

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