Thermal Stability and Photostability of <i>Satureja montana</i> and <i>Lavandulaangustifolia</i> Essential Oils

Odak, Ilijana; Škorić, Irena; Talić, Stanislava; Škobić, Dragan

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20210099

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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Article • J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 32 (11) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210099 copy

Thermal Stability and Photostability of Satureja montana and Lavandulaangustifolia Essential Oils

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The influence of light and temperature stress conditions and oxygen availability on the chemical composition of Satureja montana and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils is reported. Photostability and thermal stability were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis, comparing composition before and after the applied regimes. In Satureja montana essential oil, the amount of thymol (13.0-11.9%) and carvacrol (10.3-9.4%) decreased at elevated temperature and in the presence of air, with a simultaneous increase of p-cymene (24.2 26.2%) while in an inert atmosphere the composition remained the same as in fresh oil. Light caused a dehydrogenation of α-terpinene (2.1-0.9%) and γ-terpinene (5.6 4.7%) to p-cymene (24.2-25.9%) and decrease of trans-caryophyllene (5.1-4.3%). In Lavandula angustifolia essential oil, compounds sensitive to elevated temperature and the presence of oxygen were cis ocimene (2.8-2.2%) and trans ocimene (2.6-2.0%), alloocimene (3.0-2.3%), trans caryophyllene (4.3-3.6%) and β-farnesene (1.7-1.2%). Irradiated samples showed a decrease in the content of cis-ocimene (2.8-1.9%), alloocimene (3.0 2.0%), crypton (0.6-0.1%), cuminal (0.3-0.0%), trans caryophyllene (4.3-3.5%), β-farnesene (1.7-1.1%) and germacrene-D (0.5-0.1%) and an increase of trans-ocimene (2.6-3.5%), β-bourbonene (0.0-0.2%) and several unidentified peaks. Both oils showed an individual response to light and temperature stress. The absence of oxygen and light is the only storage regime under which the initial composition can be preserved.

Keywords:
essential oil; photostability; thermal stability; Satureja montana ; Lavandulaangustifolia

Compound	RI^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	RI^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	Fresh^c a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. / %	A^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. / %	B^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. / %
p-cymene	1020	1020	24.2 ± 0.3^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	26.2 ± 0.3^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	24.5 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
thymol	1293	1289	13.0 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	11.9 ± 0.2^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	13.2 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
carvacrol	1299	1307	10.3 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	9.4 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	10.4 ± 0.3^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
				C^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. / %	D^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. / %
α-terpinene	1010	1014	2.1 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	0.9 ± 0.2^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	1.3 ± 0.2^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
p-cymene	1020	1020	24.2 ± 0.3^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	25.9 ± 0.2^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	24.9 ± 0.1^c a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
γ-terpinene	1051	1054	5.6 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	4.7 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	5.0 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
trans-caryophyllene	1407	1419	5.1 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	4.3 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	5.2 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.
caryophyllene oxide	1572	1573	0.4 ± 0.0^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	0.9 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.	0.8 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen.

Compound	RI^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	RI^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	Fresh^c a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%. / %	A^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%. / %	B^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%. / %
cis-ocimene	1033	1032	2.8 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.2 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.9 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
trans-ocimene	1043	1044	2.6 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.0 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.6 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
alloocimene	1126	1131	3.0 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.3 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.1 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
linalool	1103	1095	24.1 ± 0.3^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	25.9 ± 0.2^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	24.3 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
linalool oxide	1182	1171	-	tr	-
trans-caryophyllene	1411	1419	4.3 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.6 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.6 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
β-farnesene	1456	1446	1.7 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	1.2 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	1.3 ± 0.1^c a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
				C^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%. / %	D^d a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%. / %
cis-ocimene	1033	1038	2.8 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	1.9 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.2 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
trans-ocimene	1043	1049	2.6 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.5 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.5 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
alloocimene	1126	1130	3.0 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.0 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	2.2 ± 0.1^c a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
crypton	1180	1184	0.6 ± 0.0^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	0.1 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	0.1 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
cuminal	1235	1239	0.3 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0
β-bourbonene	1374	1384	not detected	0.2 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	0.2 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
cis-caryophyllene	1393	1408	not detected	0.1 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	0.1 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
trans-caryophyllene	1411	1419	4.3 ± 0.2^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.5 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	3.5 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
not identified	1429	-	not detected	tr	tr
β-farnesene	1456	1446	1.7 ± 0.1^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	1.1 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	1.1 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.
not identified	1463	-	not detected	tr	tr
germacrene-D	1475	1480	0.5 ± 0.0^a a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	0.1 ± 0.0^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.	0.1 ± 0.1^b a RI: retention indices on apolar column; bRI: retention indices on apolar column reported in the literature; cvalues (mean ± standard deviation) in the same row with different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) in relative amount of compound after exposure to different conditions; dstorage condition A: 50 °C, 72 h, air; B: 50 °C, 72 h, nitrogen; C: light, 72 h, air; D: light, 72 h, nitrogen. tr = traces < 0.1%.

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