Nanobiotechnology Solutions against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Durán, Nelson; Islan, German A.; Durán, Marcela; Castro, Guillermo R.

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20160122

Nelson Durán ^**e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

Laboratório de Química Biológica

Laboratório NanoBioss, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano-CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Nelson Durán is a Professor of Chemistry at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, Brazil). He received his PhD at University of Porto Rico (USA) working on photolysis and thermolysis of 1,2-dioxolanes (1972). He was Associated Professor at Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile (1973-1975), and carried out Visiting Professorship at Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil (1975), investigating enzymatic generation of excited states intermediates. In 1978, he joined the Institute of Chemistry at Unicamp working in biological chemistry and biotechnology. His present research interests are nanobiotechnology in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals, besides metallic nanoparticles as antibiotics and anticancer carriers, and in carbon and silica nanocarriers. He is the Coordinator of the Brazilian Nanotoxicology Network, member of INOMAT (Instituto Nacional de P&D&I em Materiais Complexos Funcionais, MCTI/CNPQ), Vice-Coordinator of NanoBioss Laboratory (MCTI, Instituto de Química, Unicamp) and member of Brazilian-NanoReg (European Community) in vivo nanotoxicology.

German A. Islan

Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI, UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata), School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Germán Abel Islan is Assistant Researcher at National Council of Research (CONICET, Argentina) which belongs to the Nanobiomaterial Laboratory at Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI, La Plata, Argentina). He is graduated from National University of La Plata (UNLP) with Master degree in Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (2004-2009). He finished his PhD studies with honors (2014) under the supervision of Prof Guillermo R. Castro, with focus in the development of micro- and nanodevices for enzymes and antibiotic encapsulation in the treatment of cystic fibrosis disease. He received a postdoctoral scholarship from CONICET for the development of smart lipid-biopolymeric nanoparticles for the controlled release of drugs, co-supervised by Prof Nelson Durán (Institute of Chemistry, Unicamp, Brazil). He also teaches as a Graduate Assistant in Organic Chemistry (2008) and Microbiology courses (2009-up the present) at School of Sciences (UNLP).

Marcela Durán

Laboratório de Química Biológica

Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano-CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Laboratório de Carcinogênese Urogenital e Imunoterapia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Guillermo R. Castro is currently Professor of Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, and Senior Research Scientist at the National Council of Research (CONICET) in Argentina. He got MSc and PhD degrees in Biological Chemistry and Chemistry from Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was postdoctoral researcher of the Department of Chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, Cambridge, USA) and later of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University (Boston, USA), where became as Adjunct Professor. Presently, PhD Castro is the Principal Investigator (P.I.) of the Nanobiomaterial Laboratory at Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI) with the research focus in the development of biopolymeric matrices for molecular controlled release. His interests are in the field of biotechnology and nanobiotechnology using applied enzymology in aqueous and non-conventional media, natural polymers (e.g., production, purification and modification), gel formation and characterization using biophysical methods, coacervates and molecular controlled release. He published more than 90 papers in peer-reviewed journals, more than 100 meeting presentations, 20 book chapters and 4 patents.

Guillermo R. Castro

Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI, UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata), School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Marcela Durán is a pharmacist, Researcher Associated in the Carcinogenesis Laboratory Urogenital and Immunotherapy Anatomy, at Institute of Biology at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, Brazil). She is graduated from San Francisco University (USF, Brazil). Currently, she is developing research project related to nanotechnology area, such as cell regeneration and stem cells. She has a Master degree in Food Technology (Unicamp, 2004) and PhD in Medical Sciences (Unicamp, 2014). She is member of Brazilian NanoReg Toxicology group (European Community) working in vivo study of carbon nanotubes by instillation on rats associated to NanoBioss Laboratory (MCTI, Institute of Chemistry, Unicamp).

*e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

Nelson Durán is a Professor of Chemistry at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, Brazil). He received his PhD at University of Porto Rico (USA) working on photolysis and thermolysis of 1,2-dioxolanes (1972). He was Associated Professor at Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile (1973-1975), and carried out Visiting Professorship at Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil (1975), investigating enzymatic generation of excited states intermediates. In 1978, he joined the Institute of Chemistry at Unicamp working in biological chemistry and biotechnology. His present research interests are nanobiotechnology in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals, besides metallic nanoparticles as antibiotics and anticancer carriers, and in carbon and silica nanocarriers. He is the Coordinator of the Brazilian Nanotoxicology Network, member of INOMAT (Instituto Nacional de P&D&I em Materiais Complexos Funcionais, MCTI/CNPQ), Vice-Coordinator of NanoBioss Laboratory (MCTI, Instituto de Química, Unicamp) and member of Brazilian-NanoReg (European Community) in vivo nanotoxicology.

Germán Abel Islan is Assistant Researcher at National Council of Research (CONICET, Argentina) which belongs to the Nanobiomaterial Laboratory at Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI, La Plata, Argentina). He is graduated from National University of La Plata (UNLP) with Master degree in Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (2004-2009). He finished his PhD studies with honors (2014) under the supervision of Prof Guillermo R. Castro, with focus in the development of micro- and nanodevices for enzymes and antibiotic encapsulation in the treatment of cystic fibrosis disease. He received a postdoctoral scholarship from CONICET for the development of smart lipid-biopolymeric nanoparticles for the controlled release of drugs, co-supervised by Prof Nelson Durán (Institute of Chemistry, Unicamp, Brazil). He also teaches as a Graduate Assistant in Organic Chemistry (2008) and Microbiology courses (2009-up the present) at School of Sciences (UNLP).

Guillermo R. Castro is currently Professor of Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, and Senior Research Scientist at the National Council of Research (CONICET) in Argentina. He got MSc and PhD degrees in Biological Chemistry and Chemistry from Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was postdoctoral researcher of the Department of Chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, Cambridge, USA) and later of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University (Boston, USA), where became as Adjunct Professor. Presently, PhD Castro is the Principal Investigator (P.I.) of the Nanobiomaterial Laboratory at Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI) with the research focus in the development of biopolymeric matrices for molecular controlled release. His interests are in the field of biotechnology and nanobiotechnology using applied enzymology in aqueous and non-conventional media, natural polymers (e.g., production, purification and modification), gel formation and characterization using biophysical methods, coacervates and molecular controlled release. He published more than 90 papers in peer-reviewed journals, more than 100 meeting presentations, 20 book chapters and 4 patents.

Marcela Durán is a pharmacist, Researcher Associated in the Carcinogenesis Laboratory Urogenital and Immunotherapy Anatomy, at Institute of Biology at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, Brazil). She is graduated from San Francisco University (USF, Brazil). Currently, she is developing research project related to nanotechnology area, such as cell regeneration and stem cells. She has a Master degree in Food Technology (Unicamp, 2004) and PhD in Medical Sciences (Unicamp, 2014). She is member of Brazilian NanoReg Toxicology group (European Community) working in vivo study of carbon nanotubes by instillation on rats associated to NanoBioss Laboratory (MCTI, Institute of Chemistry, Unicamp).

Nanodevice	Description	Use	Reference
Membrane/liposome	nanobiosensor composed of biotinylated DNA capture probe immobilized on a streptavidin-coated polyethersulfone membrane, in addition to a generic DNA reporter probe coupled to the outer surface of dye encapsulating liposomes	detection of dengue genomic sequences (for serotypes 1-4) in blood samples of patients	¹⁸18 Baeumner, A. J.; Schlesinger, N. A.; Slutzki, N. S.; Romano, J.; Lee, E. M.; Montagna, R. A.; Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1442.
Silicon nanowire	silicon nanowire (SiNW) with a specific peptide nucleic acid covalently attached onto surface, which hybridizes with products of DEN-2 genes	detection of products from DEN-2 genes after reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)	¹⁹19 Zhang, G. J.; Zhang, L.; Huang, M. J.; Luo, Z. H. H.; Tay, G. K. I.; Lim, E. J. A.; Kang, T. G.; Chen, Y.; Sens. Actuators B 2010, 146, 138.
Gold nanoparticle	nano-gold particles conjugated to antibodies from a non-structural protein (NS1) responsible for dengue virus pathogenicity NS1	serum detection of antigens from a NS1 protein	²⁰20 Hussain, A.; Rehman, S. U.; Aslam, S.; Javed, N.; Abbas, Z.; J. Anim. Plant Sci. 2014, 24, 1110.
	a biochip with the DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4 serotypes immobilized onto the surface, made of a gold coating on glass accompanied by nanoparticles and the immobilized antigens	detection of anti-dengue virus in human serum in less than 10 min, by the surface plasmon resonance	²¹21 Jahanshahi, P.; Zalnezhad, E.; Sekaran, S. D.; Adikan, F. R. M.; Sci. Reports 2014, 4, 3851.
	40 nm in size gold nanoparticles conjugated to G protein	detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulins (IgGs) in salivary fluids by stacking flow immunoassay	²²22 Zhang, Y.; Bai, J.; Ying, J. Y.; Lab Chip 2015, 15, 1465.
Carbon nanotube-screen printed electrode (CNT-SPE)	an immunosensor for the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue virus	facilitate the early screening of patients in acute phase of dengue virus	²³23 Dias, A. C.; Gomes-Filho, S. L. R.; Silva, M. M.; Dutra, R. F.; Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013, 44, 216. ^, ²⁴24 Silva, M. M. S.; Dias, A. C. M. S.; Silva, B. V. M.; Gomes-Filho, S. L. R.; Kubota, L. K.; Goulart, M. O. F.; Dutra, R. F.; J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2015, 90, 194.

Nanodevice	Drug/Composition	Use	Reference
Liposome	iminosugars/polyunsaturated ER-targeting liposomes	improvement in the effective dose of antiviral and enhancement of the drug retention (blood)	²⁷27 Miller, J. L.; Lachica, R.; Sayce, A. C.; Williams, J. P.; Bapat, M.; Dwek, R.; Zitzmann, N.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 6379.
Solid lipid nanoparticle	baicalein (flavonoid)/lipidic matrix	controlled release of the antiviral	³¹31 Yumei, L.; Kun, Z.; Haiming, M.; Pract. Pharm. Clin. Remedies 2009, 12, 104.
Nanostructured lipid carriers	baicalein (flavonoid)/tocol	increase the half-life than administration of free antiviral	³²32 Tsai, M. J.; Wu, P. C.; Huang, Y. B.; Chang, J. S.; Lin, C. L.; Tsai, Y. H.; Fang, J. Y.; Int. J. Pharm. 2012, 423, 461.
Nanoemulsion	essential oils (from Rosmarinus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum L.)/surfactants (polysorbate 20; Tween 20)	kill the mosquito larva of Aedes aegypti	³⁴34 Ghosh, V.; Mukherjee, A.; Chandrasekaran, N.; Asian J. Chem. 2013, 25, S321. ^, ³⁵35 Duarte, J. L.; Amado, J. R.; Oliveira, A. E.; Cruz, R. A.; Ferreira, A. M.; Souto, R. N.; Fernandes, C. P.; Rev. Brasil. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 189.
Polymeric NP	poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), polyglycolide, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(D,L-lactide), PLGA-polyethylene glycol (PEG)	NPs may inhibit the viral attachment to cells	³⁶36 Prabhu, R. H.; Patravale, V. B.; Joshi, M. D.; Int. J. Nanomed. 2015, 10, 1001. 37 Jhaveri, A.; Torchilin, V.; Expert Opin. Drug Delivery 2016, 13, 49. ^- ³⁸38 Lembo, D.; Cavalli R.; Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 2010, 21, 53.
Biopolymeric NP	NPs composed of chitosan/Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall components	development of a dengue nanovaccine (produced by UV inactivation of DENV-2)	⁴⁰40 Hunsawonga, T.; Sunintaboon, P.; Warit, S.; Thaisomboonsuk, B.; Jarmane, R. G.; Yoon, I.-K.; Ubol, S.; Fernandez, S.; Vaccine 2015, 33, 1702.
Protein NP	bovine serum albumin (BSA) NPs containing the four serotypes of dengue in their inactive form	vaccine: after administration an induction of anti-DENV IgG antibodies is produced	³⁹39 Silva, E. F.; Orsi, M.; Andrade, A. L.; Domingues, R. Z.; Silva, B. M.; de Araújo, H. R.; Pimenta, P. F. P.; Diamond, M. S.; Rocha, E. S. O.; Kroon, E. G.; Malaquias, L. C. C.; Coelho, L. F.; J. Nanobiotechnol. 2012, 10, 13.
Nanocrystal	quercetin	enhance the anti-dengue virus activity of the drug by increasing bioavailability	⁵¹51 Shegokar, R.; Müller, R H.; Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 399, 129. ^, ⁵³53 Smith, A. J.; Kavuru, P.; Wojtas, L.; Zaworotko, M. J.; Shytle, R. D.; Mol. Pharmacol. 2011, 8, 1867.
	cellulose	act as viral inhibitors	⁵⁴54 Serizawa, T.; Sawada, T.; Okura, H.; Wada M.; Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 613. ^, ⁵⁵55 Zoppe, J. O.; Ruottinen, V.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Rönkkö, S.; Johansson, L.-S.; Hinkkanen, A.; Jarvinen, K.; Seppala, J.; Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 1534.
Carbon quantum dot (CQD)	only CQD or complexed with dsRNA	cause gene silencing of dengue virus genes and mortality in Aedes aegypti. Inhibition of growth in mosquitoes beyond the larval stage	¹²12 Saxena, M.; Sonkar, S. K.; Sarkar, S.; RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 22504. ^, ⁸⁸88 Das, S.; Debnath, N.; Cui, Y.; Unrine, J.; Palli, S. R.; ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 19530.
Metallic NP (chemical synthesis)	gold NPs	antiviral effect after conjugation of NPs with fragments of proteins	⁸8 Idrees, S.; Ashfaq, U. A.; Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2013, 3, 232.
Metallic NP (chemical synthesis)	silver NPs	prevention of the viral binding to host cells by interacting with virus structure	⁵⁹59 Elechiguerra, J. L.; Burt, J. L.; Morones, J. R.; Camacho-Bragado, A.; Gao, X.-X.; Lara, H. H.; Yacaman, M. J.; J. Nanobiotechnol. 2005, 3, 6.
Metallic NP (green synthesis)	silver and gold NPs produced by leaf extracts from plants or fungi	efficacy against mosquito larvae	⁶⁰60 Salunkhe, R. B.; Patil, S. V.; Patil, C. D.; Salunke, B. K.; Parasitol. Res. 2011, 109, 823. 61 Soni, N.; Prakash, S.; Parasitol. Res. 2012a, 110, 175. 62 Soni, N.; Prakash, S.; Rep. Parasitol. 2012b, 2, 1. 63 Soni, N.; Prakash, S.; Parasitol. Res. 2012c, 111, 2091. 64 Soni, N.; Prakash, S.; Asian Pacific J. Trop. Dis. 2012d, 2, S356. 65 Soni, N.; Prakash, S.; Adv. Nanopart. 2013, 2, 125. 66 Suganya, A.; Murugan, K.; Kovendan, K.; Kumar, P. M.; Hwang, J. S.; Parasitol. Res. 2013, 112, 1385. 67 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Hoti, S. L.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 4567. 68 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Rajeswary, M.; Muthukumaran, U.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 1775. ^- ⁶⁹69 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Rajeswary, M.; Muthukumaram, U.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 2663.

Source of biogenic synthesis	Life stage	Size / nm	LD₅₀ / (µg mL^-1)	Reference
Murraya koenigii (plant)	instar I instar II instar III instar IV pupa	20-35	10.8 14.7 53.7 63.6 75.3	⁶⁶66 Suganya, A.; Murugan, K.; Kovendan, K.; Kumar, P. M.; Hwang, J. S.; Parasitol. Res. 2013, 112, 1385.
Feronia elephantum (plant)	adult (3-4 days)	18-45	20.4	⁶⁷67 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Hoti, S. L.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 4567. 68 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Rajeswary, M.; Muthukumaran, U.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 1775. ^- ⁶⁹69 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Rajeswary, M.; Muthukumaram, U.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 2663.
Azadirachta indica (plant)	non specified	41-60	0.006	⁷⁶76 Poopathi, S.; De Britto, L. J.; Praba, V. L.; Mani, C.; Praveen, M.; Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2015, 22, 2956.
Bacillus thuringiensis (bacteria)	instar III	44-143	0.14	⁷⁷77 Banu, A. N.; Balasubramanian, C.; Moorthi, P. V.; Parasitol. Res. 2014, 113, 311.
Rhizophora mucronata (plant)	instar IV	60-95	0.89	⁸⁰80 Sundaravadivelan, C.; Padmanabhan M. N.; Sivaprasath, P.; Kishmu, L.; Parasitol. Res. 2013, 112, 303.
Plumeria rubra (plant)	instar II instar IV	32-220	181.7 287.5	⁸¹81 Borase, P. H.; Patil, D.; Salunkhe, R. B.; Narkhede, C. P.; Salunke, B. K.; Patil, S. V. J.; Nanomed. Biother. Discovery 2013, 3, 111.
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (plant)	instar I instar II instar III instar IV pupa	15-30	0.029 0.027 0.047 0.086 0.018	⁸²82 Veerakumar, K.; Govindarajan, M.; Rajeswary, M.; Parasitol. Res. 2013, 112, 4073.
Jatropha gossypifolia (plant)	instar II instar IV	30-60	5.9 4.44	⁸⁴84 Kalimuthu, K.; Panneerselvam, C.; Murugan, K.; Hwang, J. S.; J. Entomol. Acarol. Res. 2013, 45, 57.
Sida acuta (plant)	instar IV	18-35	23.9	⁸⁵85 Sathishkumar, M.; Sneha, K.; Won, W. S.; Cho, C.-W.; Kim, S.; Yun, Y.-S.; Colloids Surf., B 2009, 73, 332.

[1] *e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Nanobiotechnology Solutions against Aedes aegypti