Sequential Design of Experiments for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Electrocoagulation Associated with Dissolved-Air System

Góes, Mauro C. C; Garcez, Marcos P. R; Santana, Claudemir G; Costa Neto, Jonas J. G; Bezerra, Cicero W. B

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20210095

Mauro C. C Góes

Laboratório de Química de Interfaces e Materiais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís-MA, Brazil

Marcos P. R Garcez

Laboratório de Química de Interfaces e Materiais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís-MA, Brazil

Claudemir G Santana

Laboratório de Química de Interfaces e Materiais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís-MA, Brazil

Jonas J. G Costa Neto

Laboratório de Tecnologia de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Curiós, s/n, Campus do Maracanã, 65095-460 São Luís-MA, Brazil

Cicero W. B Bezerra ^**e-mail: cwbbezerra@hotmail.com

Laboratório de Química de Interfaces e Materiais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís-MA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-9469

*e-mail: cwbbezerra@hotmail.com

Solution	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Color / uH	302	270	289	245	230	219	212	232	207
pH_i	2.00	3.00	4.00	5.00	5.50	6.00	7.00	8.00	9.00
Turbidity / NTU	0.90	0.43	0.32	0.15	2.50	0.56	0.35	0.85	-0.10

Essay	EP^a a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / u	ES^b a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. ,^c a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / m	t^d a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. ,^e a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / s	pH_i^f a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit.	PD^g a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / V	P^h a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / MPa	Colⁱ a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / uH	pH_f^j a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit.	Tur^k a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / NTU	Re^l a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit. / %
1	-1(1)^m a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit.	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	56.1	2.14	0.70	49.5
2	+1(3)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	147	4.32	12.6	46.0
3	-1(1)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	+1(30)	+1(0.4)	142	2.35	20.8	48.7
4	+1(3)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.4)	78.3	2.32	3.00	42.5
5	-1(1)	-1(1)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.4)	528	5.25	57.0	55.2
6	+1(3)	-1(1)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.4)	104	4.56	5.90	58.7
7	-1(1)	+1(3)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	36.7	2.32	2.90	79.3
8	+1(3)	+1(3)	+1(18)	-1(2)	+1(30)	-1(0)	376	4.48	1.32	93.6
9	-1(1)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	-1(2)	+1(0.4)	113	9.20	3.10	18.0
10	+1(3)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	+1(30)	+1(0.4)	105	8.50	2.50	1.25
11	-1(1)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	+1(30)	-1(0)	71.5	8.49	3.10	31.0
12	+1(3)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	60.3	8.22	0.69	44.6
13	-1(1)	-1(1)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	251	9.25	19.3	28.7
14	+1(3)	-1(1)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	45.8	8.75	0.10	27.0
15	-1(1)	+1(3)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	+1(0.4)	101	7.68	1.98	31.3
16	+1(3)	+1(3)	+1(18)	+1(9)	+1(30)	+1(0.4)	260	8.81	16.3	48.5
17(C)ⁿ a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit.	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.2)	147	8.73	6.60	18.4
18(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.2)	141	7.83	6.10	49.4
19(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.2)	237	8.40	8.50	18.7
20(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.2)	235	8.50	8.60	53.4
21(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.2)	61.6	9.09	7.40	67.6
Specifications of some parameters for discharge of effluents into water bodies (CONAMA 357/2005 and 430/2011)⁴⁰40 Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA); Resolução No. 357, de 17 de Março de 2005, Dispõe sobre a Classificação dos Corpos de Água e Diretrizes Ambientais Para o Seu Enquadramento, Bem Como Estabelece as Condições e Padrões de Lançamento de Efluentes, e Dá Outras Providências; Diário Oficial da União (DOU): Brasília, No. 053, de 18/03/2005, p. 58-63.,⁴¹41 Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA); Resolução No. 430, de 13 de Maio de 2011, Dispõe sobre as Condições e Padrões de Lançamento de Efluentes, Complementa e Altera a Resolução No. 357, de 17 de março de 2005, do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente-CONAMA; Diário Oficial da União (DOU): Brasília, No. 92, de 16/05/2011, p. 89.							75	5-9	100	absent

Essay	EP^a a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / u	ES^b a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. ,^c a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / m	t^d a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. ,^e a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / s	pH_i^f a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point.	PD^g a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / V	P^h a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / MPa	Colⁱ a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / uH	pH_f^j a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point.	Tur^k a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / NTU	Re^l a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point. / %
1	-1(1)	-1(1)^m a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point.	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	27.3	2.35	-0.10	51.2
2	-1(1)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	116	4.46	20.7	68.7
3	-1(1)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	39.1	7.78	12.3	34.3
4	-1(1)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	+1(30)	-1(0)	95.9	9.20	3.80	2.08
5	-1(1)	-1(1)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	391	4.64	8.23	62.1
6	-1(1)	-1(1)	+1(18)	-1(2)	+1(30)	-1(0)	250	4.50	74.7	77.5
7	-1(1)	-1(1)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	122	9.48	4.03	17.6
8	-1(1)	-1(1)	+1(18)	+1(9)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	6.56	8.55	36.7	36.3
9	-1(1)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	74.6	2.29	1.97	57.1
10	-1(1)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	+1(30)	-1(0)	64.9	2.91	21.0	74.7
11	-1(1)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	25.3	8.51	-0.13	22.7
12	-1(1)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	38.0	7.96	4.23	35.1
13	-1(1)	+1(3)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	59.0	4.46	0.59	34.0
14	-1(1)	+1(3)	+1(18)	-1(2)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	422	4.63	76.7	75.8
15	-1(1)	+1(3)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	51.3	8.84	3.77	16.6
16	-1(1)	+1(3)	+1(18)	+1(9)	+1(30)	-1(0)	197	9.22	39.7	18.2
17	+1(3)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	18.8	2.25	4.30	54.9
18	+1(3)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	+1(30)	-1(0)	131	4.55	55.0	86.7
19	+1(3)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	45.9	9.25	4.73	9.31
20	+1(3)	-1(1)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	64.1	8.88	12.6	23.3
21	+1(3)	-1(1)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	104	4.41	8.30	51.7
22	+1(3)	-1(1)	+1(18)	-1(2)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	2776	4.85	162	44.4
23	+1(3)	-1(1)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	46.7	9.39	20.0	31.3
24	+1(3)	-1(1)	+1(18)	+1(9)	+1(30)	-1(0)	474	6.70	42.7	95.1
25	+1(3)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	-1(2)	-1(0)	41.6	2.46	2.30	50.0
26	+1(3)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	-1(2)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	79.3	4.30	0.42	88.8
27	+1(3)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	29.8	8.04	8.43	1.8.3
28	+1(3)	+1(3)	-1(1.8)	+1(9)	+1(30)	-1(0)	79.2	9.28	6.70	16.4
29	+1(3)	+1(3)	+1(18)	-1(2)	-1(2)	+1(0.5)	70.0	4.54	2.10	51.1
30	+1(3)	+1(3)	+1(18)	-1(2)	+1(30)	-1(0)	270	4.55	69.0	73.4
31	+1(3)	+1(3)	+1(18)	+1(9)	-1(2)	-1(0)	104	9.42	5.83	18.9
32	+1(3)	+1(3)	+1(18)	+1(9)	+1(30)	+1(0.5)	75.8	8.88	22.3	43.6
33	-1(1)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	104	6.01	7.70	26.0
34	+2(4)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	207	8.00	23.7	39.0
35	0(2)	-1(1)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	225	8.30	25.3	33.2
36	0(2)	+2(4)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	76.4	8.63	23.0	18.0
37	0(2)	0(2)	-1.1(0.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	47.9	7.20	5.60	21.4
38	0(2)	0(2)	+2.4(29)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	61.6	7.06	51.0	38.1
39	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	-1.3(1)	0(16)	0(0.25)	142	1.56	86.3	94.5
40	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	+1(9)	0(16)	0(0.25)	129	8.85	4.83	20.4
41	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	-1.1(1)	0(0.25)	99.6	8.60	8.60	20.8
42	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	+2.3(32)	0(0.25)	233	8.23	22.3	42.9
43	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	-1(0)	124	8.16	45.0	35.1
44	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	+1.4(0.6)	172	7.69	19.7	43.3
45(C)ⁿ a Electrode pairs; belectrode space; cvalues in parentheses divided by 100; dtime; evalues in parentheses multiplied by 1000; finitial pH; gpotential difference; hpressure; icolor; jfinal pH; kturbidity; lremoval rate; mvalues in parentheses correspond to experimental conditions; ncentral point.	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	210	8.22	38.0	36.4
46(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	199	6.68	19.0	36.7
47(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	167	8.58	44.7	30.9
48(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	164	8.42	48.3	31.4
49(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	198	8.45	22.0	34.4
50(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	207	7.97	26.7	30.9
51(C)	0(2)	0(2)	0(9.9)	0(5.5)	0(16)	0(0.25)	157	7.73	13.1	33.1

[1] *e-mail: cwbbezerra@hotmail.com

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Sequential Design of Experiments for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Electrocoagulation Associated with Dissolved-Air System