Figure 1
Hydrogen-bond interactions proposed for choline chloride/urea (1:2) eutectic mixture.
Figure 2
Common halide salts and hydrogen-bond donors (HBD) employed in the preparation of deep eutectic mixtures.
Scheme 1
Biginelli reaction in L-(+)-tartaric acid/dimethylurea (3:7).
Scheme 2
Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones (3) using 20% (v/v) of ChCl/malonic acid (1:1) in methanol.
Scheme 3
Proposed mechanism for the ChCl/malonic acid (1:1) catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones (3).
Scheme 4
Kabachmik-Fields reaction catalyzed by ChCl/ZnCl2 (1:2).
Scheme 5
Mechanism proposed for ChCl/ZnCl2-catalyzed Kabachmik-Fields reaction.
Scheme 6
ChCl/ZnCl2 (1:3)-catalyzed synthesis of 4-[(3-indolyl)(aryl) methyl]-N,N-dimethylanilines (6).
Scheme 7
ChCl/ZnCl2 stabilized Fe3O4 NP as catalyst for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles (7).
Scheme 8
ChCl-malonic acid catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles (8).
Scheme 9
Proposed mechanism for the ChCl/malonic acid-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles (8).
Scheme 10
Synthesis of sugar-derived pyrroles in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 11
Mannich reaction catalyzed by ChCl/ZnCl2 (1:2) in water.
Scheme 12
Synthesis of quinolines (13) catalyzed by ChCl/SnCl2 (1:2) in solventless conditions.
Scheme 13
Heterogeneous catalyst HNMPCl/ZnCl2/SBA-15 for Mannich reactions.
Scheme 14
Synthesis of 1-aminoalkyl-2-naphthols (14) in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 15
DES screening for the preparation of benzopyran derivatives (15).
Scheme 16
ChCl/urea catalyzed mechanism for the synthesis of benzopyrans (15).
Scheme 17
Synthesis of 7,8-dihydroquinolin-5(1H,4H,6H)-ones (19) in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 18
Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes (20) and pyranocoumarins (21) using aqueous solution of ChCl/urea.
Scheme 19
Pseudo-three component reaction in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents.
Scheme 20
Biginelli-like reactions in sodium acetate trihydrate/urea (2:3).
Scheme 21
One-pot synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives (25-27) in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 22
Preparation of diverse spirooxindole derivatives (28-31) in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 23
Proposed mechanism of the formation of spirooxindoles derivatives.
Scheme 24
ChCl/urea-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles (34-35).
Scheme 25
Proposed mechanism for the ChCl/urea-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles.
Scheme 26
Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromen-4-yl phosphonate derivatives (39) in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 27
Preparation of indole-3-propanamide derivatives (40) using ChCl/urea (1:2) as catalyst.
Scheme 28
Preparation of pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives (41 and 42) using glucose/urea (1:5) as reaction media.
Scheme 29
Synthesis of complex heterocyclic compounds using DES as unconventional solvent and catalyst.
Scheme 30
ChCl/urea-mediated synthesis of cyclohexa-1,3-dienamines (47) and pyridines (48).
Scheme 31
Synthesis of highly substituted naphthyridines catalyzed by ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 32
Proposed mechanism for ChCl/urea-catalyzed synthesis of naphthyridines.
Scheme 33
Ugi multicomponent reaction in ChCl/urea (1:2) as DES.
Scheme 34
Pseudo 4-CR Ugi using IBX as oxidant and ChCl/urea (1:2) as green solvent.
Scheme 35
Passerini multicomponent reactions in ChCl/urea (1:2) as green solvent.
Scheme 36
Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction catalyzed by ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 37
CuFeO2 NP-catalyzed MCR to prepare imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (56) using citric acid/DMU (2:3) as DES.
Scheme 38
ChCl/urea-mediated synthesis of dithiocarbamates (57).
Scheme 39
Synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides (58) in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 40
Proposed mechanism for the multicomponent synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides catalyzed by ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 41
The multicomponent synthesis of 5-arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidones (60).
Scheme 42
Synthesis of highly substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles in ChCl/urea (1:2).
Scheme 43
Gewald synthesis of 2-aminothiophenes in ChCl/urea (1:2).
