Silver and Silver Chloride Nanoparticles and their Anti-Tick Activity: a Mini Review

Durán, Nelson; Durán, Marcela; Souza, Celso E. de

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20170045

Nelson Durán ^**e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

Laboratório de Química Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil

NanoBioss, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano-CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Nelson Durán is a Professor of Chemistry at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP, Brazil). He received his PhD at University of Porto Rico (USA) working on photolysis and thermolysis of 1,2-dioxolanes (1972). Associated Professor at the Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile (1973-1975) and carried out Visiting Professorship at Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (1975), investigating enzymatic generation of excited states intermediates. In 1978, he joined the Chemistry Institute of UNICAMP (Brazil) working in Biological Chemistry and Biotechnology. His present research interests are nanobiotechnology in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals, besides metallic nanoparticles as antibiotics and anticancer carriers, and in carbon and silica nanocarriers. He is the Coordinator of the Brazilian Nanotoxicology Network; member of INOMAT (MCTI/CNPQ) and Vice Coordinator of NanoBioss (MCTI) and member of Brazilian-NanoReg (European Community) in vivo nanotoxicology.

Marcela Durán ^**e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

NanoBioss, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Laboratório de Carcinogenese Urogenital e Imunoterapia, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil

Marcela Durán is a pharmacist, Researcher Associated in Carcinogenesis Laboratory Urogenital and Immunotherapy Anatomy, at Biology Institute of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). She is graduated at Universidade São Francisco (USF), São Paulo, Brazil. Currently she is developing research project related to Nanotechnology area, such as cell regeneration and stem cells. She has a Master in Food Technology (UNICAMP, 2004) and PhD in Medical Sciences (UNICAMP, 2014). She is member of Brazilian-NanoReg Toxicology group (European Community) working in in vivo study of carbon nanotubes by instillation on rats associated to NanoBioss (MCTI).

Celso E. de Souza

Laboratório de Parasitoses por Flagelados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN), 01027-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil

Celso Eduardo de Souza is a Veterinarian of the Superintendence Control of Endemic Diseases of the Government of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. He graduated in Veterinary Medicine from the Universidade de Alfenas (1984-1988). Master in Animal Health area of concentration in Epidemiology by Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2010). He holds a doctorate degree in Collective Health from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP, 2015). He has experience in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, working mainly in research and diagnosis in the following subjects: Zoonosis and Public Health, epidemiology, parasitology and vector-borne diseases with emphasis on diseases transmitted by ticks. Technical advisor of the Program of Epidemiological Surveillance of Brazilian Spotted Fever and other Riquettoses of the Ministry of Health of Brazil.

*e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

Nelson Durán is a Professor of Chemistry at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP, Brazil). He received his PhD at University of Porto Rico (USA) working on photolysis and thermolysis of 1,2-dioxolanes (1972). Associated Professor at the Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile (1973-1975) and carried out Visiting Professorship at Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (1975), investigating enzymatic generation of excited states intermediates. In 1978, he joined the Chemistry Institute of UNICAMP (Brazil) working in Biological Chemistry and Biotechnology. His present research interests are nanobiotechnology in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals, besides metallic nanoparticles as antibiotics and anticancer carriers, and in carbon and silica nanocarriers. He is the Coordinator of the Brazilian Nanotoxicology Network; member of INOMAT (MCTI/CNPQ) and Vice Coordinator of NanoBioss (MCTI) and member of Brazilian-NanoReg (European Community) in vivo nanotoxicology.

Marcela Durán is a pharmacist, Researcher Associated in Carcinogenesis Laboratory Urogenital and Immunotherapy Anatomy, at Biology Institute of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). She is graduated at Universidade São Francisco (USF), São Paulo, Brazil. Currently she is developing research project related to Nanotechnology area, such as cell regeneration and stem cells. She has a Master in Food Technology (UNICAMP, 2004) and PhD in Medical Sciences (UNICAMP, 2014). She is member of Brazilian-NanoReg Toxicology group (European Community) working in in vivo study of carbon nanotubes by instillation on rats associated to NanoBioss (MCTI).

Celso Eduardo de Souza is a Veterinarian of the Superintendence Control of Endemic Diseases of the Government of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. He graduated in Veterinary Medicine from the Universidade de Alfenas (1984-1988). Master in Animal Health area of concentration in Epidemiology by Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2010). He holds a doctorate degree in Collective Health from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP, 2015). He has experience in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, working mainly in research and diagnosis in the following subjects: Zoonosis and Public Health, epidemiology, parasitology and vector-borne diseases with emphasis on diseases transmitted by ticks. Technical advisor of the Program of Epidemiological Surveillance of Brazilian Spotted Fever and other Riquettoses of the Ministry of Health of Brazil.

Biomaterial	XRD pattern designation	Size / nm Structure	Ticks	LD₅₀ / (µg mL^-1)	Concentration (mortality) / (µg mL^-1) (%)	Reference
Musa paradisiaca (L.) (Musaceae) (plant)	Ag (low AgCl presence)	50-150 (SEM) spherical	larvae of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae)	1.87	5.0 (100)	⁴⁴44 Jayaseelan, C.; Rahuman, A.; Rajakumar, G.; Santhoshkumar, T.; Kirthi, V.; Marimuthu, S.; Bagavan, A.; Kamaraj, C.; Zahir, S.; Elango, G.; Velayutham, K.; Rao, B.; Karthik, L.; Raveendran, S.; Parasitol. Res. 2012, 111, 921.
Euphorbia prostrata Ait (plant)	Ag	25-80 (SEM) spherical	adult cattle tick Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae)	2.30	10.0 (100)	⁴⁵45 Zahir, A. A., Rahuman, A.; Vet. Parasitol. 2012, 187, 511.
Manilkara zapota (L.) (plant)	Ag	70-140 (SEM) spherical	larvae Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus	3.44	10.0 (100)	⁴⁶46 Rajakumar, G.; Rahuman, A.; Res. Vet. Sci. 2012, 93, 303.
Streptomyces sp. LK3 (bacteria)	AgCl	5-20 (TEM) spherical	larvae Rhipicephalus microplus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa	16.10 16.45	−	⁴⁷47 Karthik, L.; Kumar, G.; Kirthi, V.; Rahuman, A.; Rao, B.; Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 2014, 37, 261.
Ocimum canum Sims (Labiatae) (plant)	AgCl (low Ag presence)	25-100 (SEM) spherical and after drying formed rod and cubic structures	larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844 Hyalomma isaaci (Acari: Ixodidae)	0.78 1.00	2.5 (100) 2.5 (100)	⁴¹41 Jayaseelan, C.; Rahuman, A.; Parasitol. Res. 2012, 111, 1369.
Cissus quadrangularis (plant)	AgCl (low Ag presence)	43 (SEM) spherical	larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus	7.61	25.0 (100)	⁴⁸48 Santhoshkumar, T.; Rahuman, A.; Bagavan, A.; Marimuthu, S.; Jayaseelan, C.; Kirthi, V.; Kamaraj, C.; Rajakumar, G.; Zahir, A.; Elango, G.; Velayutham, K.; Iyappan, M.; Siva, C.; Karthik, L.; Rao, B.; Exp. Parasitol. 2012, 132, 156.
Mimosa pudica Gaertn (plant)	AgCl and Ag presence	25-50 (SEM) spherical	larvae Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini (Acari:Ixodidae)	8.98	15 (51) 20 (89)	⁴²42 Marimuthu, S.; Rahuman, A.; Rajakumar, G.; Santhoshkumar, T.; Kirthi, V.; Jayaseelan, C.; Bagavan, A.; Zahir, A.; Elango, G.; Kamaraj, C.; Parasitol. Res. 2011, 108, 1541.
Carissa carandas (plant)	silver non characterized	40-50 (TEM) spherical	adult cattle ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus	−	5.0 mg mL^-1 (40) low reproductive index	⁴⁹49 Johari, P.; http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2363, accessed in November 2016. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle...

[1] *e-mail: duran@iqm.unicamp.br; marceladuranduran@gmail.com

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Silver and Silver Chloride Nanoparticles and their Anti-Tick Activity: a Mini Review