INTRODUCTION: Mycobacterium genus includes species of M. tuberculosis complex and others called non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). So far, more than 100 species of NTM have been described. The objectives of this study were to estimate the NTM species diversity among strains isolated in São Paulo State from 1991 to 1997, before the expansion of antiretroviral therapy, and to evaluate the rate of cases that fall under diagnostic criteria for bacteriological diagnosis of NTM infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1,892 strains were isolated from sterile and non-sterile sites of 1,248 patients. RESULTS: 1,199 (96%) were identified as M. avium complex (MAC), M. kansasii, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. szulgai, M. xenopi, M. marinum, M. gordonae, M. terrae or M. nonchromogenicum whereas 49 (3.9%) couldn't be identified up to species. Forty-seven (7,8%) cases from pulmonary sites were confirmed based on strains isolated from three or more samples from the same patient and 67 (34%) patients had NTM isolated from sterile sites, which confirmed the bacteriological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: MAC and M. kansasii were the most frequently especies isolated in São Paulo state. National recomendations for the diagnosis and treatment of NTM infections would be useful for correct management of NTM infections.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); Bacteriological diagnostic; Mycobacterium avium complex; Mycobacterium kansasii
